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Integrated solutions for biodiversity, climate change and poverty

Climate Change Resilience

Available Online

UNEP

The rational for this Policy Brief is to make clear the vital benefits of integrating biodiversity conservation and ecosystem management by taking the Ecosystemsbased Adaptation approach along with the Green Economy Initiative to achieve equitable multiple win-win objectives to ensure the continued well-being of human society in the future.

Pacific waste education handbook : a guide for educators and communities = Dechets du Pacifique Manuel educatif : un guide a l'intention des educateurs et des communautes

Climate Change Resilience, Biodiversity Conservation, Waste Management and Pollution Control

Available Online

Climate change is one of the biggest issues facing the world today. Those in the Pacific see its effects with increasing regularity. There are king tides contaminating fresh water supplies, coral bleaching destroying the natural beauty and impacting the environmental appeal for tourists, and there are more frequent severe weather events such as cyclones.

Shore protection in the Republic of the Marshall Islands : pilot project report

Biodiversity Conservation

Available Online

Goreau, Thomas J

Hagberg, Erik

Jormelu, Katwel

Wind, Wave, and Solar powered shore protection and coral reef restoration projects were installed in the Marshall Islands in early 2010 by the Arno Kobamaron Community Base Organization, in collaboration with the Global Reef Alliance and Pacific Aquaculture Cooperatives, funded by the Federal Republic of Germany Federal Foreign Office Task Force for Humanitarian Aid. The projects were installed at Ine Village, Arno Atoll (Wind powered), Jabo Village, Arno Atoll (Wave powered), and Enemanit, Majuro Atoll, (Solar powered). Local community residents were trained in construction and installation skills. These projects will help restore near-shore coral reefs and fisheries habitat, protecting beaches from wave erosion and allowing them to grow. A tidal current project was originally also planned but unfortunately could not be installed during the project period due to delays by the manufacturer. The results of these pilot demonstration projects dramatically demonstrate that local communities can use their own vast and untapped sources of sustainable energy to grow back their coral reef and fisheries resources and protect their islands from erosion by global sea level rise. There is a critically urgent need to replicate this example on a large scale in all low-lying island nations and coasts before global sea level rise accelerates.

Kiribati: an environmental 'perfect storm'

Climate Change Resilience

Available Online

Hunter, Shawn

Storey, Donovan

Recent environmental discourses and headlines on small island developing states (SIDS) have heralded the grave and impending threats of global warming and associated sea-level rise. These are undoubtedly significant challenges for SIDS, including atoll nations such as Kiribati. Nevertheless, securing small island state futures also requires a renewed commitment to addressing the obvious and immediate threats of urbanization, pollution and sanitation. Looking at pressures of development on freshwater, this article argues that the future survival of small island states and their societies also greatly depends on managing the impacts of development. Approaches which can concurrently strengthen the resilience of communities and their ecosystems will result in mutual benefits for both sustainable development and climate change adaptation.

kiribati

Recommendations for digital strategy II : final report for the Pacfiic Islands Forum Secretariat (PIFS)

Biodiversity Conservation

Available Online

Network Strategies - Telecommunications Strategy

Network Strategies Limited was commissioned by the Pacific Island Forum Secretariat (PIFS) to review the Pacific Regional Digital Strategy and assist in the development of a revised Digital Strategy (DSII) that addresses any identified gaps and emerging needs. This document presents recommendations for DSII to be used as a basis for discussion by national and regional stakeholders

Review of Pacific regional digital strategy: part A - technological capacity

Biodiversity Conservation

Available Online

Network Strategies (Telecommunications Strategy)

The Pacific Regional Digital Strategy is an initiative under the Pacific Plan to promote economic growth, sustainable development, good governance and security in Forum Countries. The Strategy establishes the following priorities:

Pacific Ocean : pollution prevention programme 2010-2014 : strategy and work plans

Biodiversity Conservation, Waste Management and Pollution Control

Available Online

Gilbert, Trevor

Talouli, Anthony

The Pacific Ocean Pollution Prevention Programme (PACPOL) mission is to protect public health, safety, environment and natural resources of the Pacific Islands from the effects of ship sourced marine pollution

A framework for social adaptation to climate change : sustaining tropical coastal communities and industries

Climate Change Resilience, Biodiversity Conservation

Available Online

Marshall, N.A ... [et al.]

The estimated 500 million people who depend on coral reefs worldwide regularly contend with change (Wilkinson 2008). Whether it is the shifting demands of a global marketplace, political upheaval at the national level, shortage of local supplies such as fuel, or fickle weather, the resilience of reefdependent people is often put to the test (Cinner et al. 2009d; Hughes et al. 2005a). Despite this hard-earned resilience, coastal communities and reef-based industries are going to be challenged like never before as climate change exerts a multi-faceted influence (Howden et al. 2007; IPCC 2007). The scale and rate of environmental change driven by increases in concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is unprecedented in human history, leading in the next few decades to significant and in many cases dramatic alterations in the availability and quality of ecosystem goods and services provided by coral reefs (IPCC 2007, Tonn, 2007, McClanahan et al. 2008)

What is needed to make REDD+ work on the ground? lessons learned from pilot forest carbon initiatives

Climate Change Resilience

Available Online

Harvey, C.A ... [et al.]

There is now unprecedented global recognition of the urgent need to sharply reduce rates of deforestation and forest degradation to help avert dangerous levels of climate change. At the United Nations climate negotiations in Copenhagen in December 2009, the international community recognized in the Copenhagen Accord the crucial role of reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation and the need to enhance removals of greenhouse gas emissions by forests and agreed on the need to provide positive incentives for REDD+. With this new international mandate to tackle deforestation and forest degradation, there is now an urgent need for detailed guidance on how to design and implement fi eld activities that effectively achieve emissions reductions.

The dynamic response of reef islands to sea level rise: evidence from multi-decadal analysis of island change in the central Pacific

Biodiversity Conservation

Available Online

Kench, Paul S.

Webb, Arthur P.

Low-lying atoll islands are widely perceived to erode in response to measured and future sea level rise. Using historical aerial photography and satellite images this study presents the first quantitative analysis of physical changes in 27 atoll islands in the central Pacific over a 19 to 61 year period. This period of analysis corresponds with instrumental records that show a rate of sea level rise of 2.0 mm.y-1 in the Pacific. Results show that 86% of islands remained stable (43%) or increased in area (43%) over the timeframe of analysis. Largest decadal rates of increase in island area range between 0.1 to 5.6 hectares. Only 14% of study islands exhibited a net reduction in island area. Despite small net changes in area, islands exhibited larger gross changes. This was expressed as changes in the plan form configuration and position of islands on reef platforms. Modes of island change included: ocean shoreline displacement toward the lagoon; lagoon shoreline progradation; and, extension of the ends of elongate islands. Collectively these adjustments represent net lagoon ward migration of islands in 65% of cases. Results contradict existing paradigms of island response and have significant implications for the consideration of island stability under ongoing sea level rise in the central Pacific. First, islands are geomorphologically persistent features on atoll reef platforms and can increase in island area despite sea level change. Second; islands are dynamic landforms that undergo a range of physical adjustments in responses to changing boundary conditions, of which sea level is just one factor. Third, erosion of island shorelines must be reconsidered in the context of physical adjustments of the entire island shoreline as erosion may be balanced by progradation on other sectors of shorelines. Results indicate that the style and magnitude of geomorphic change will vary between islands. Therefore, Island nations must place a high priority on resolving the precise styles and rates of change that will occur over the next century and reconsider the implications for adaption.

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