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Tuvalu national biodiversity strategy and action plan: fifth national report to the convention on biological diversity.

Available Online

Alefaio, S

Falega, E

Penivao, F

Saitala, M

Teakau, F

Tekenene, M

Thaman, R

The isolated, small, low-lying resource-poor atolls of Tuvalu are clearly on the frontline against climate change, the escalating impacts natural disasters and declining food, health and energy security.

Wetlands of Wallis and Futuna.

Biodiversity Conservation, BRB

Available Online

Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme.

In 2014, with support from the French Government, Wallis and Futuna informed SPREP of its intention to identify nationally significant wetlands for future designation as wetlands of international importance (Ramsar Sites) under the Convention on Wetlands (Ramsar, Iran, 1971).

Christmas Island National Park - Idependent scientific research shows that crazy ant bait does not acccumulate in Christmas Island's environment

Available Online

Cites independent study by CESAR Consultants confirms that Fipronil ant bait has not accumulated in the envrionment on Christmas Island for the control of yellow crazy ant.

Invasive ants as a biosecurity threat.

Available Online

Invasive ants are a diverse group of aggressive, competitive, dominating ant species that can rapidly establish and spread. Several ant species are amongst the most serious global invasive species. Their broad diets, nesting habits, ability to breed rapidly, high densitites and adaptibility to varied habitats make them excellent invaders. Agricultural economic, environmental and social wellbeing are threatened by these ants, many of which have been introduced to, and established in, many countries

5 worst unwanted ants in the Pacific

Available Online

18 harmful unwanted ants in the Pacific

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Harmful ants in the Pacific

Improving invasive ant eradication as a conservation tool : a review

Available Online

Hoffman, Benjamin ... et al.

While invasive species eradications are at the forefront of biodiversity conservation, ant eradication failures are common. We reviewed ant eradications worldwide to assess the practice and identify knowledge gaps and challenges. We documented 316 eradication campaigns targeting 11 species, with most occurring in Australia covering small areas (b10 ha). Yellow crazy ant was targeted most frequently, while the bigheaded ant has been eradicated most often. Of the eradications with known outcomes, 144 campaigns were successful, totaling approximately 9500 ha, of which 8300 ha were from a single campaign that has since been partially re-invaded. Three active ingredients, often in combination, are most commonly used: fipronil, hydramethylnon, and juvenile hormone mimics. Active ingredient, bait, and method varied considerablywith respect to species targeted,which made assessing factors of eradication success challenging. We did, however, detect effects by active ingredient, number of treatments, and method on eradication success. Implementation costs increased with treatment area, and median costs were high compared to invasive mammal eradications. Ant eradications are in a phase of increased research and development, and a logical next step for practitioners is to develop best practices. A number of research themes that seek to integrate natural history with eradication strategies and methodologies would improve the ability to eradicate ants: increasing natural history and taxonomic knowledge, increasing the efficacy of active ingredients and baits, minimizing and mitigating non-target risks, developing better tools to declare eradication success, and developing alternative eradication methodologies. Invasive ant eradications are rapidly increasing in both size and frequency, and we envisage that eradicating invasive ants will increase in focus in coming decades given the increasing dispersal and subsequent impacts.

The status and impacts of Yellow Crazy ant (Anoplolepis gracilipes) on Nuutele, Aleipata islands, Samoa : final report

Available Online

Dr. Hoffmann, Ben.

Many ant species that have been accidentally spread throughout the world have significant economic, environmental and social impacts in areas that they now infest. One of the most notable invasive ants is the Yellow crazy ant, A. gracilipes, and this species is present in Samoa, including on the Aleipata islands. The Aleipata islands are considered to be of great regional conservation significance because they are uninhabited, relatively pristine, contain many species threatened throughout greater Samoa, and lack many exotic species present within greater Samoa. The presence of A. gracilipes on these islands is therefore of great conservation concern.

Assessment of Yellow Crazy Ants (Anoplolepis gracilipes) on Nuulua Island, Aleipata, Samoa with recommendations for population control

Available Online

Samani

Sio, Filipo

Siolo, Susau

Vanderwoude, Cas

The Samoan islands of Nuutele and Nuulua from part of the Aleipata Marine Protected Area, in recognition of their contribution to biological diversity in Samoa. In a 1986 review of 226 islands in the South Pacific region, these islands together rated 30th in importance for biological diversity. The islands provide essential habitat for a reange of sea birds, bats and land birds such as the rare friendly ground dove, sea turtles, shell fish and other marine life. Human access to Nuutele and especially Nuulua is difficult and this has, in part facilitated the preservation of this habitat to date. In a recent field trip to Nuulua in 2003, the forest floor and vegetation appeared covered in fast moving ants which were later identified as Yellow Crazy Ants (Anoplolepis gracilipes), an invasive ant species with a pan-tropical distribution. These ants had previously not been observed on this island, and it was therefore presumed to have been a recent arrival. This report outlines an investigation of this biological invasive and provides options for managing Yellow Crazy Ants on Nuulua.

Targeted Research to improve invasive species management: yellow crazy ant in Samoa

Available Online

Auina. S

Hoffmann. B

Stanley. M.C.

Lack of biological knowledge of invasive species is recognised as a major factor contributing to eradication failure. Management needs to be informed by a site-specific understanding of the invasion system. Here, we describe targeted research designed to inform the potential eradication of the invasive yellow crazy ant Anoplolepis gracilipes on Nu'utele island, Samoa. First, we assessed the ant's impacts on invertebrate biodiversity by comparing invertebrate communities between infested and uninfested sites. Second, we investigated whether an association existed between A. gracilipes and carbohydrate sources. Within the infested area there were few other ants large than A. gracilipes, as well as fewer spiders and crabs, indicating that A. gracilipes is indeed a significant conservation concern. The timing of male reproduction appears to be consistent with places elsewhere in the world, but queen reproduction was outside of the known reproductive period for this species in the region, indicating that the timing of treatment regimes used elsewhere are not appropriate for Samoa. Worker abundance and nest density were among the highest recorded in the world, being greater in May than in October. These abundance and nest density data from baselines for quantifying treatment efficacy and set sampling densities for post-treatment assessments. The number of plants and insects capable of providing a carbohydrate supply to ants were greatest where A. gracilipes was present, but it is not clear if this association is causal. Regardless, indirectly controlling ant abundance by controlling carbohydrate supply appears to be promising avenue for research. The type of targeted, site-specific research such as that described here should be an integral part of any eradication program for invasive species to design knowledge-based treatment protocols and determine assessment benchmarks to achieve eradication.

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