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Palau climate change policy: for climate and disaster resilient low emissions development.

Available Online

Government of Palau

Climate change is one of the greatest challenges ever to face the world and the island nation of Palau.

Invasive rats on tropical islands: their population biology and impacts on native species

Available Online

Bunbury, Nancy

Harper, Grant. A,

The three most invasive rat species, black or ship rat Rattus rattus, brown or Norway rats, R. norvegicus and Pacific rat, R. exulans have been incrementally introduced to islands as humans have explored the worlds oceans. They have caused serious deleterious effects through predation and competition, and extinction of many species on tropical islands, many of which are biodiversity hotspots. All three rat species are found in virtually all habitat types, including mangrove and arid shrub land. Black rats tend to dominate the literature but despite this the population biology of invasive rats, particularly Norway rats, is poorly researched on tropical islands. Pacific rats can often exceed population densities of well over 100 rats ha?1 and black rats can attain densities of 119 rats ha?1, which is much higher than recorded on most temperate islands. High densities are possibly due to high recruitment of young although the data to support this are limited. The generally aseasonally warm climate can lead to year-round breeding but can be restricted by either density-dependent effects interacting with resource constraints often due to aridity. Apparent adverse impacts on birds have been well recorded and almost all tropical seabirds and land birds can be affected by rats. On the Pacific islands, black rats have added to declines and extinctions of land birds caused initially by Pacific rats. Rats have likely caused unrecorded extinctions of native species on tropical islands. Further research required on invasive rats on tropical islands includes the drivers of population growth and carrying capacities that result in high densities and how these differ to temperate islands, habitat use of rats in tropical vegetation types and interactions with other tropical species, particularly the reptiles and invertebrates, including crustaceans.

Aleipata Islands Invasive alien species follow up surveys

Division of Enviornment and Conservation, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment

GEFPAS integrated island biodiversity final project review meeting, 23-25 November, Vava'u and 25th Tongatapu, Kingdom of Tonga

Available Online

The GEFPAS Integrated Island Biodiversity Final Project Review Meeting was convened in Vavau, Tonga from the 21 st 24 th November and concluded on the 25 th November, 2015 in Nukualofa, Tonga and was attended by representatives from the Cook Islands, Nauru, Tonga, Tuvalu, SPREP and UNEP and it concluded with the following key outcomes

Taking the sting out of the Little Fire Ant in Hawaii

Lee, Donna J.

Leung, PingSun

Motoki, Michael

Nakamoto, Stuart T.

Vanderwoude, Casper

Inthe1990's,LittleFireAnts(LFAs)founditswaytotheislandofHawaii,mostlikelytravelingwithashipmentof potted plantsfrom Florida.These plants weresubsequentlysold toconsumers along theeastcoast of theIsland, alongwithLittleFireAntcolonieslivinginthepottingmedium.LFAisnowthrivingandcontinuestospread.Fifteenyearsaftertheinitialdetectionin1999,LFAhasspreadtoover4000locationsontheislandofHawaiiandhas beenfoundinisolatedlocationsonKauai,Maui,andOahuIslands.Currenteffortsareexpectedtocontaintheinfestations on the otherislands but signi cant additional investment isneeded tohalt therapid spread of LFA on the island of Hawaii. Increased management expenditures can suppress infestations; reduce spread between sectors; and decrease long-term management costs, damages, and stings.| Animmediateexpenditureof$8millioninthenext23yearsplusfollow-upprevention,monitoring,andmitigation treatments will yield $1.210 billion in reduced control costs, $129 million in lowered economic damages, 315 million fewer human sting incidents, and 102 million less pet sting incidents over 10 years.| Over35years,thebene tsinclude$5.496billioninreducedcontrolcosts,$538millionlesseconomicdamages, 2.161 billion fewer human sting incidents, and 762 million fewer pet sting incidents.

Report on Niue Feral Pig Management Pilot Programme, October 2015

Biodiversity Conservation, BRB

Available Online

Craw, Jack

Progress report from Jack Craw to Josie Tamate (Directory General, Ministry of Natural Resources), Brendon Pasisi (Director DAFF), Sauni Tongatule (Director Department of Environment), David Moverly (SPREP) and Huggard Tongatule (Department of Environment).|This is the final progress report on the pilot programme. It covers the visit to Niue September 8 to September 18 2015, with master hunters Glen Osborne and Peter Peeti. The purposes of this trip were to continue the hunting training, progress the toxin trial and attempt to progress the lured enclosure trial.

Invasive alien species surveys, Aleipata Islands, Samoa : September-December 2015

Available Online

Serra. G

Tipamaa. F.T.

Samoa is part of the Polynesia-Micronesia Biodiversity Hotspot, one of 34 regions of the world where extraordinary levels of biodiversity and endemism are coupled with extremely high levels of threat (Mittermeier et al. 2004). The four Aleipata islands (Photo 1), holding a high percentage of representative and threatened species of Samoa, certainly represent a key site in the Polynesia-Micronesia biodiversity hotspot. In a 1986 review of 226 islands in the South Pacific region, these islands together rated 30th in importance for biological diversity (Vanderwoude et al. 2006). They were also more recently included in the list of the 7 Key Biodiversity Areas of Samoa (Conservation International et al. 2010).

Invasive alien species surveys, Aleipata Islands, Samoa : Follow up visit to Nu'ulua

Available Online

GEF-PAS Invasive Alien Species Project

Between the 27th and 29th of October 2015 invasive alien species surveys were conducted as part of the GEF-PAS invasive alien species project/Samoa to help inform the Aleipata management Plan. As part of these surveys sticky traps were placed on Nuulua Island to detect the presence of Rattus sp. The sticky traps were checked after two nights with no evidence of rat presence. These sticky traps were left for a further 50 nights to increase the chances of detecting rat. As part of this return trip to Nuulua Island an incidental bird list was compiled and other species of interest (i.e. Yellow Crazy Ants and Coconut Crabs), were recorded when encountered.

2015 Myna Survey. Report to inform the Samoan Myna Management Plan

Biodiversity Conservation, BRB

Available Online

Serra. G.

Young. S

In May 2015, 74 line transects in three different habitat types (plantation, mixed crops, urban) were surveyed on Upolu and Savaii islands, Samoa, with an aim of estimating the population size, density and distribution of two invasive bird species, Common Myna (Acridotheres tristis) and Jungle Myna (Acridotheres fuscus). Based on the available literature, the surveyed habitats were identified as preferred foraging habitat for the two myna species. The three habitats make up 24.9% of Samoas land area. Survey data were analysed using the Distance program. It was estimated that the population of myna birds occurring in the plantation, mixed crops and urban habitats of Samoa is approximately 158,995 (+- 29,588). Approximately 130,030 (+- 19,837) myna were estimated to live on Upolu and 28,968 (+- 9,751) on Savaii, across the three habitat types. Survey results also revealed that both species show a significant preference for urban habitat. Jungle Myna were estimated to be the most numerous (population estimate: 133,925 +-24,321), occurring on both islands and in all surveyed habitat types. Jungle Myna seem to have saturated the urban habitat available in Upolu and therefore have proceeded to colonise plantations and mixed crops adjacent to urban areas. Common Myna (population estimate: 23,367 +- 7,612), having reached the shores of Samoa ca. 20 years later than Jungle Myna, show highest density in urban environments. They are concentrated in the north-west section of Upolu, with only a few individuals observed on the east coast of Savaii.

Compile and Review Invasive Alien Species Information for the Republic of the Marshall Islands

Biodiversity Conservation, BRB

Available Online

Pagad. S.

A Global Environment Facility (GEF) funded project is currently being implemented in the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) titled the Prevention, Control and Management of Invasive Alien Species in the Pacific Islands. This is a multicountry project and includes Niue, Federated States of Micronesia, Cook Islands, Papua New Guinea, Palau, Kiribati, Tonga, Samoa and Vanuatu. Activities within the framework of this project include the conservation of priority species and ecosystems and the management of invasive alien species (IAS). Please see Table 1 below for list of key deliverables identified by the Government of RMI.

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