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Adaptation of Human Coping Strategies in a Small Island Society in the SW Pacific - 50 Years of Change in the Coupled Human-Environment System on Bellona, Solomon Islands

Birch-Thomsen, Torben

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Christiansen, Sofus

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Fog, Bjarne

,

Mertz, Ole

,

Reenberg, Anette

2008
Coupled human-environmental timelines are used to explore the temporal coevolution of driving forces and adaptive strategies from the 1960s to 2006 on Bellona in the SW Pacific. Climatic events and agro-environmental conditions are assessed in conjunction with issues such as population dynamics, agricultural strategies, non-agricultural activities, transport and infrastructure, migration, education, political conditions, etc. Satellite imagery and aerial photos reveal relative stability in agricultural land use intensity despite an increase in de facto population (51% from 1966-2006). Results of questionnaire survey of 48 households show that the utilization of natural resources (notably shifting cultivation and fisheries) remains wide-spread, although it is increasingly supplemented by other income generating activities (eg. shopkeeping, private business, government employment). Group interviews are used to discuss ways in which the local communities' adaptive resource management strategies have been employed in the face of climatic and socioeconomic events and changes in the recent past. Fifty years' development is described as a combination of continuity and change. Resource management practices are only marginally impacted by different stress factors, but the importance of agriculture has been decreasing in relative terms. Culturally determined bonds have become a main 'mechanism' to cope with environmental or socioeconomic stress and the Bellonese have become less vulnerable to external shocks.
Wild west : rainforests of western Solomon Islands

Pikacha, Patrick G.

2008
Solomon Islands : National Marine turtles action plan 2008-2012
Available Online

Ministry of Environment Conservation & Meteorology

2008
Solomon Islands is blessed with rich natural resources. We have exceptionally high levels of endemism and our terrestrial and marine species are amongst the most diverse in the globe. This biological diversity has supported our island-based livelihoods and economies for centuries. Our biodiversity is part and partial of our cultural heritage. We lived in harmony with our natural resources and protected the richness of our ecosystems.
Reconstructing a fragile state: institutional strengthening of the ministry of infrastructure development in Solomon Islands
2008
National Capacity Self-Assessment project Solomon Islands : NCSA report
Available Online

Keremama Milton

,

Leguvaka Nesta L.

2008
The National Capacity Self- Assessment Project [NCSA] is a national project of the Solomon Islands Government funded by the Global Environment Facility [GEF]. The Department of Environment and Conservation of the Ministry of Environment, Conservation and Meteorology is responsible for the execution of the project and UNDP the Implementing agency. The main objective of the project is to carry out a series of assessments to determine the gaps within the environmental and capacity arenas and to produce an action plan aiming at countering the gaps identified in the assessments.
Solomon Islands and Secretariat of the Pacific Community: joint country strategy 2009-2012

Secretariat of the Pacific Community

2008
Samoa workshop report of the Assessment workshop on Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursciops Aduncus) with the Solomon Islands as a case study, 21-23 August, 2008, Apia Samoa
Biodiversity Conservation
Available Online

Brownell Robert

,

Reeves Randall R

2008
The workshop was planned and organized by a steering group consisting of R.L. Brownell Jr., R.R. Reeves. N.J. Gales and W.F. Perrin (see Annex 1 for a list of participants). Brownell handled logistics and Reeves chaired the meeting in Samoa. Financial support was provided by WWF (International). The Ocean Conservancy, Animal Welfare Institute. Humane Society of the United States. Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society. U.S. Marine Mammal Commission and U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The workshop was hosted by the Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP).
Status of the coral reefs in the South west Pacific: Fiji, New Caledonia, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu and Vanuatu
Biodiversity Conservation
Available Online

Mackay Kenneth

,

Morris Cherie

2008
Fiji, New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Solomon Islands, Samoa and Tuvalu report monitoring data for this report, with data from a broad range of observers (scientists, students, dive guides and communities); Nauru has not conducted recent monitoring; Coral cover has changed since the 2004 report due to effective management (positive), or local disturbances, coral predation and natural disasters (negative). Average coral cover at monitoring sites was 45% in Fiji; 27% in New Caledonia; 43% in Samoa; 30% in Solomon Islands; 65% in Tuvalu; and 26% in Vanuatu; Monitoring observations over 9-10 years in Fiji and New Caledonia indicate that these reefs have coped reasonably well with natural and human stressors without catastrophic changes; Densities of edible fish and invertebrates remained generally low (0-10/100m2) in 4 countries reflecting high subsistence and commercial fishing pressure. Butterflyfish, parrotfish, surgeonfish and damselfish were generally most dominant. High densities of parrotfish were reported from 4 countries; Socioeconomic monitoring is conducted in Fiji, Samoa and Solomon Islands. Greatest activity is by the Fiji Locally Marine Managed Area (FLMMA) network at 270 villages across all Fiji provinces. Most households harvest marine resources for subsistence and partially for sale, with few commercial fishers. In Samoa, more people eat canned fish than fresh fish, possibly because of decreased fish stocks in the last 10 years. In the Solomon Islands, some traditional managed systems have collapsed due to poor understanding of fisheries and resource management issues or poor national regulations. Mangrove destruction and greater fishing pressure are reducing family incomes;
Solomon Islands : National adaptation programme of action (NAPA)
Climate Change Resilience
Available Online

Talo Fred

2008
As a Least Developed Country (LDC) and Small Island Developing State (SIDS), climate change is the most important environmental and developmental issue for Solomon Islands. Solomon Islands is a low-lying coastal country that shares similar sustainable development challenges, including small population, remoteness, susceptibility to natural disasters, vulnerability to external shocks, and excessive dependence on international trade and foreign aid. Its growth and development is often further stymied by high transportation and communication costs, disproportionately expensive public administration and infrastructure due to its small size, and little to no opportunity to create economies of scale.
Solomon Islands State of Environment Report 2008
Available Online

Ministry of Environment Conservation and Meteorology

2008
The report was commissioned at the end of May 2008 with delivery of the final product by end June 2008. As such, it has been researched and written over a very compressed timeline. Considerable shortcomings and inconsistencies in data needed to be tackled in this period, and so a rapid desk assessment approach was used with limited opportunity for peer review and feedback.

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