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Collection Environmental Governance
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Global Economic Costs of Aquatic Invasive Alien Species

Biodiversity Conservation, BRB

Available Online

Ahmed, Danish A.

Angulo, Elena

Briski, Elizabeta

Capinha, César

Catford, Jane A.

Cuthbert, Ross N.

Dalu, Tatenda

Diagne, Christophe

Essl, Franz

Gozlan, Rodolphe E.

Leroy, Boris

Pattison, Zarah

Taylor, Nigel G.

Verbrugge, Laura

Much research effort has been invested in understanding ecological impacts of invasive alien species (IAS) across ecosystems and taxonomic groups, but empirical studies about economic effects lack synthesis. Using a comprehensive global database, we determine patterns and trends in economic costs of aquatic IAS by examining: (i) the distribution of these costs across taxa, geographic regions, and cost types; (ii) the temporal dynamics of global costs; and (iii) knowledge gaps, especially compared to terrestrial IAS. Based on the costs recorded from the existing literature, the global cost of aquatic IAS conservatively summed to US$345 billion, with the majority attributed to invertebrates (62%), followed by vertebrates (28%), then plants (6%). The largest costs were reported in North America (48%) and Asia (13%) and were principally a result of resource damages (74%); only 6% of recorded costs were from management. The magnitude and number of reported costs were highest in the United States of America and for semi-aquatic taxa. Many countries and known aquatic alien species had no reported costs, especially in Africa and Asia. Accordingly, a network analysis revealed limited connectivity among countries, indicating disparate cost reporting. Aquatic IAS costs have increased in recent decades by several orders of magnitude, reaching at least US$23 billion in 2020. Costs are likely considerably underrepresented compared to terrestrial IAS; only 5% of reported costs were from aquatic species, despite 26% of known invaders being aquatic. Additionally, only 1% of aquatic invasion costs were from marine species. Costs of aquatic IAS are thus substantial, but likely underreported. Costs have increased over time and are expected to continue rising with future invasions. We urge increased and improved cost reporting by managers, practitioners and researchers to reduce knowledge gaps. Few costs are proactive investments; increased management spending is urgently needed to prevent and limit current and future aquatic IAS damages.

SPREP Webinar series | Rats, Reefs and Resilience (full session)

SPREP Publications, Climate Change Resilience, Biodiversity Conservation, BRB

Available Online

Pacific Regional Invasive Species Management Support Service (PRISMSS)

The Battler Lounge webinar series talks about the link between rats, seabirds, ecosystems and reef resilience in the Pacific.

Launch of the Pacific Biodiversity Information Facility (PBIF) 2021

SPREP Publications, Biodiversity Conservation, BRB

Available Online

Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP)

PBIF is a Pacific version of the GBIF that aims to increase data mobilization capacity in the Pacific. This opens up the opportunity to engage with the organization more broadly to institutionalize data mobilization processes and promote GBIF across the region.

Regional Invasive Species Mainstreaming Strategy (2021 -2024)

SPREP Publications, Biodiversity Conservation, BRB

Available Online

Menzies, Steve

In this video, Steve Menzies of Flinch Marketing introduces the invasive species Mainstreaming Strategies and invited feedbacks from the audience through the use of Mentimeter.

Creature feature | Introduced Rats

SPREP Publications, Biodiversity Conservation, BRB

Available Online

Richard Griffiths

This video dives into what rats are found in the Pacific, their characteristics, their historical distribution and their impacts.

Rats or reefs - Invasive species and climate change in the Pacific

SPREP Publications, Climate Change Resilience, Biodiversity Conservation, BRB

Available Online

Menzie, Steve

Pacific Regional Invasive Species Management Support Service (PRISMSS)

Highlight stories from around the region about the significant linkages between rats management, seabirds, ecosystems, and reef resilience. *

New Perspectives on an Old Fishing Practice: Scale, Context and Impacts of Bottom Trawling

Environmental Governance, Biodiversity Conservation

Available Online

Lewis, Forrest

Steadman, Daniel

Thomas, John B

Villanueva, Vanessa Rivas

et al

Bottom trawling is a globally widespread fishing practice responsible for 26% of the total marine fisheries catch. Bottom trawling is a method for catching aquatic animals that involves dragging a weighted net to rigid structure from a vessel along the seafloor. This report seeks to provide new perspectives on this historical controversy by presenting the most up-to-date synthesis of available data and evidence on bottom trawling's extent, impacts and solutions in order to inform constructive policy-making.

Volcanic Ash as a Sustainable Binder Material: An Extensive Review

Environmental Governance

Available Online

Etxeberria, Miren

Játiva, Andrés

Ruales, Evelyn

The construction industry is affected by the constant growth in the populations of urban areas. The demand for cement production has an increasing environmental impact, and there are urgent demands for alternative sustainable solutions. Volcanic ash (VA) is an abundant lowcost material that, because of its chemical composition and amorphous atomic structure, has been considered as a suitable material to replace Portland cement clinker for use as a binder in cement production. In the last decade, there has been interest in using alkali-activated VA material as an alternative material to replace ordinary Portland cement. In this way, a valuable product may be derived from a currently under-utilized material. Additionally, alkali-activated VA-based materials may be suitable for building applications because of their good densification behaviour, mechanical properties and low porosity. This article describes the most relevant findings from researchers around the world on the role of the chemical composition and mineral contents of VA on reactivity during the alkali-activation reaction; the effect of synthesis factors, which include the concentration of the alkaline activator, the solution-to-binder ratio and the curing conditions, on the properties of alkali-activated VA-based materials; and the mechanical performance and durability properties of these materials.

A role for the Regional Seas Programme under the post 2020 Global Biodiversity Framework

Environmental Governance, Biodiversity Conservation

Available Online

Adelaide, Maria

Gunn, Vikki

Johnson, David E

Despite a decade of global efforts to protect and restore biodiversity, not one of the 20 Aichi Biodiversity targets was fully achieved in 2020 deadline and biodiversity loss continues at an unprecedented rate. The convention on Biological Diversity's post-2020 global biodiversity framework (GBF) is the ambitious successor of the CBD's 2011-2020 Strategic Plan for Biodiversity. Development of the GBF and its associated monitoring and reporting framework is on-going, involving a comprehensive preparatory process.

Co-designing the Science we Need for the Ocean We Want : Guidance and Recommendations for Collaborative Approaches to Designing & Implmenting Decade Actions

Environmental Governance, Biodiversity Conservation

Available Online

"The implementation plan of the UN decade of Ocean science for Sustainable development (the ocean decade) calls for 'transformative science' and a 'revolution in how that science is produced, used and disseminated'. The dicussion note for this report aims to address this in a holistic manner, It was inspired by dicussions held during a series global and regional webinars in late 2020 that brough together 2100 individuals from around the world to bring to life the notion collaborative, co-designed science and identify the key obstacles challenges and opportunities.

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