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Pacific Invasives Initiative (PII)

This summary of invasive species management activities undertaken by people and agencies that the Pacific Invasives Initiative (PII) works with its collated and circulated by the PII Team. Contributions are welcome.

Be On the LookOut (BOLO): Coconut Rhinoceros Beetle Oryctes rhinoceros (Linneaus, 1758) Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae

Available Online

USDA

Recent PPQ survey interceptions of the Coconut Rhinoceros Beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros) confirms that this serious pest of coconut palms is established in the Hickam AFB area. A joint PPQ HDOA effort has recently discovered a large compost heap at Mamala Bay golf course containing all stages of development. Native to southern Asia, this scarab has caused extensive damage to coconut palms on Guam since their discovery in 2009.

Compile and Review Invasive Alien Species Information - Kiribati

Biodiversity Conservation, BRB

Available Online

Pagad. S.

A Global Environment Facility (GEF) funded project is currently being implemented in Kiribati titled the "Prevention, Control and Management of Invasive Alien Species in the Pacific Islands". This is a multicountry project and includes the Niue, Federated States of Micronesia, Cook Islands, Marshall Islands, Papua New Guinea, Palau Tonga and Samoa. Activities within the framework of this project include the conservation of priority species and ecosystems and the management of invasive alien species. Please see Table 1 below for list of key deliverables identified by the Government of Kiribati.

Emergency Response Plan on Coconut Rhinoceros Beetle - Pohnpei

Available Online

Pohnpei and their outer islands are very vulnerable to the introduction of Coconut Rhinoceros Beetle (CRB) because the CRB is present in Guam, Palau, Hawaii and South Pacific. Pohnpei is located near Guam, Palau and Hawaii and there is regular traffic by air and sea. For this reason it is very important that Pohnpei has a good Emergency Response Plan (ERP) in place not only for control/eradication but also for prevention and spread to other islands. A good ERP should allow for an immediate response for the control and eradication of CRB.

Marine Debris Pollution in the Pacific : Literature review

Climate Change Resilience, Biodiversity Conservation, Waste Management and Pollution Control, BRB

Available Online

Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP)

Rapidly expanding human populations and associated economic growth and overconsumption is resulting in serious degradation of the natural environment human survival depends on (Vitousek et al., 1997; Sanderson et al., 2002; Orr, 2004; Alroy, 2010; Branch et al., 2013). Almost half of the global human population currently lives within 150km of the coast (UN Atlas of the Oceans, 2014). This results in severe pressures being placed on marine and coastal environments. Anthropogenic impacts on oceans include physical alterations of the coasts and seafloor, as well as chemical and biological contamination through sewage, industrial wastes and agricultural discharges, dredging, desalination, shipping, and fossil fuel and ore extraction. These pressures, together with overfishing, by-catch, destructive fishing methods (e.g. blast fishing), introduction of invasive species, boat strikes, acoustic pollution, climate-related changes (i.e. ocean acidification, sea level rise, freshwater inundations, cyclones) can cause structural changes in marine communities and the loss of genetic variability and other side-effects of human interference with exceptionally complex ocean ecosystems (Gray et al., 1979; Goldberg, 1995; Vitousek et al. 1997; Islam and Tanaka, 2004; Pauly et al., 2005; Panigada et al., 2006; Crain et al., 2008; Halpern et al., 2008; Ramirez-Llodra et al., 2011)

Invasion - Little Fire Ants in Hawaii (video)

Available Online

Maui Invasive Species Committee (MISC)

Report on the distribution of the introduced seaweeds (Codium arenicola and Spatoglossum macrodontum) and the distribution and density of the crown of thorns starfish (Acanthaster planci) Reports 1 & 2 in Samoa

Biodiversity Conservation, BRB

Available Online

Division of Environment & Conservation

Marine Conservation Section

Ministry of Natural Resources

An initial survey of the marine environment carried out in 2008 byDr.Posa Skelton and the Marine Conservation Section of the Division of Environment and Conservation, assessed selected sites for the presence of introduced species and the potential impacts on the marine environment. Surveys were conducted around the Apia harbour, Mulinuu and the Palolo Deep Marine Reserve- a total of eleven (11) sites. Findings from this initial assessment confirmed the presence of introduced species that were potentially invasive. This included two introduced seaweeds, Codiumarenicolaand Spatoglossummacroduntum that were observed distributed and well established across these sites.

Bird survey of Late and Fonulei Islands, Vavau

Butler. D.J

Valuing the impact of selected invasive species in the Polynesia-Micronesia hotspot, final report

Available Online

Aalbersberg, Bill

Boudjelas, Souad

Brown, Pike

Daigneault, Adam

Greenhalgh, Suzie

Mather, John

Nagle, William

Invasive species pose an enormous threat in the Pacific: not only do they strongly affect biodiversity, but they also potentially affect the economic, social, and cultural wellbeing of Pacific peoples. Invasive species can potentially be managed and that their impacts can potentially be avoided, eliminated, or reduced. However, neither the costs nor the numerous benefits of management are well understood in the Pacific. Thus, the goals of this project were: A) to account for both the costs and benefits of managing invasive species; B) to prepare empirically grounded advocacy materials to help increase investment in the management of invasive species; C) to help governments prioritise investment in managing these species; and D) to build capability for undertaking economic assessments in the future. To accomplish these goals, we undertook cost-benefit analyses (CBAs) of managing five species that are well established on Viti Levu, Fiji: spathodea campanulata (African tulip tree), herpestus javanicus (small Asian mongoose), papuana uninodis (taro beetle), pycnonotus cafer (red-vented bulbul), and merremia peltata (merremia vine). Next, we conducted a comprehensive training programme on the CBA for invasive species management for professionals from the Pacific. Third, we collaborated with Pacific organisations to develop a uniform guide to conducting CBAs with numerous examples from the region. We also designed a flexible Microsoft Excel-based tool for conducting CBAs, enabling professionals who did not attend the training course to nevertheless undertake rigorous CBAs on invasive spsecies management. Finally, we developed advocacy material and publicised findings from this project to promote investment in invasive species management. This report details these activities in turn. It also includes numerous appendices that include the tools, guidance documents, and advocacy materials developed under this project.

Bird surveys of Late and Fonualei Islands, Vava'u, Kingdom of Tonga : September 2013 - Report to Ministry of Lands, Environment, Climate Change and Natural Resources (MLECCNR)

Climate Change Resilience, Biodiversity Conservation, BRB

Available Online

Dr. Butler, David J.

GEF-PAS

The survey team were able to spend 3 days on Fonualei Island and two days on Late with support from a Vavau based fishing boat and checked several areas not visited during the previous 2003 and 2004 scientific surveys. We identified that the Polynesian megapode (malau) Megapodius pritchardii continues to survive in good numbers on Fonualei, locating good numbers in a new area suggesting the total population may be close to 1000. We did not located malau on Late and concluded that there is very little chance that they survive on this island. Both islands are important refuges for Tongan bird species with Fonualei Island of greater significance for malau, and seabirds which nest there in their thousands, and Late Island having a greater variety of landbirds including the endemic Samoan whistler Pachycephala jacquinoti.

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