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Butterflies of the South Pacific.

Biodiversity Conservation

Brian Patrick

Disaster response and climate change in the Pacific : final report.

Climate Change Resilience

Available Online

Fletcher, Stephanie

Gero, Anna

Disasters, and therefore disaster response, in the Pacific are expected to be affected by climate change. This research addressed this issue, and focused on the immediate humanitarian needs following a disaster, drawing upon adaptive capacity as a concept to assess the resilience of individual organisations and the robustness of the broader system of disaster response. Four case study countries (Fiji, Cook Islands, Vanuatu and Samoa) were chosen for deeper investigation of the range of issues present in the Pacific. The research process was guided by a Project Reference Group, which included key stakeholders from relevant organisations involved in Pacific disaster response to guide major decisions of the research process and to influence its progression. Given the complexity of issues involved, including the contested definitions of adaptive capacity, the research team developed a conceptual framework to underpin the research. This framework drew upon concepts from a range of relevant disciplines including Earth System Governance, climate change adaptation, health resources, resilience in institutions and practice theory. Objective and subjective determinants of adaptive capacity were used to assess the disaster response system, comprised of actors and agents from government and non-government sectors, and the governance structures, policies, plans and formal and informal networks that support them. Results revealed the most important determinant of adaptive capacity in the Pacific to be communications and relationships, with both informal and formal mechanisms found to be essential. Capacity (including human, financial and technical); leadership, management and governance structures; and risk perceptions were also highly important determinants of adaptive capacity. The research also found that in small Pacific island bureaucracies, responsibility and capacity often rests with individuals rather than organisations. Leadership, trust, informal networks and relationships were found to have a strong influence on the adaptive capacity of organisations and the broader disaster response system. A common finding across all four case study countries affecting adaptive capacity was the limited human resources for health and disaster response more generally, both in times of disaster response and in day-to-day operations. Another common finding was the gap in psychosocial support after a disaster. Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) as an immediate post-disaster humanitarian need was relatively well established amongst responding organisations (although long term WASH issues were not resolved), while other humanitarian needs (health care, and food and nutrition) had varying stages of capacity often limited by human, financial and technical resources. Adaptive capacity was therefore constrained by current gaps which need addressing alongside a future focus where risk is changing. Drawing on these and other findings, recommendations for addressing key determinants of adaptive capacity were developed for relevant stakeholder groups including policy makers and practitioners in the disaster and emergency response sectors in Australia and the Pacific.

Annual Report 2012 / UNDP Pacific Centre : Partners in achieving prosperity and stability in the Pacific

United Nations Development Programme

One Planet to share: Sustaining human progress in a changing climate. Asia - Pacific Human development Report,

Climate Change Resilience

Legal Frameworks for Ecosystem-Based Adaptation to Climate Change in the Pacific Islands

SPREP Publications, Climate Change Resilience

Available Online

Boer, B. & Clarke, P.

This report is primarily directed to analysing the legal aspects of ecosystem-based adaptation to climate change. It sketches the impacts of climate change in the Pacific Island countries, recognizing that climate change directly impacts ecosystems, which provide for the needs of people as well as for the maintenance of the natural environment. It takes as a given that ecosystem-based adaptation can provide cost-effective strategies for reducing vulnerability to climate change impacts and enhancing ecosystem resilience, thereby maintaining ecosystem services and sustainable livelihoods. The report is written in light of the research reports completed by SPREP and Conservation International for this project (SPREP and Conservation International 2011). An essential aspect of the legal analysis is an examination of the way in which environmental governance operates in Pacific Island countries. The analysis is directed both to current formal legal systems as well as to customary mechanisms at the community level, exploring both potential barriers as well as the possibilities in the national legislation for achieving the aims of ecosystembased adaptation strategies.

Manual for mangrove monitoring in the Pacific Islands region

SPREP Publications, Biodiversity Conservation

Available Online

Ellison, J., Jungblut, V., Anderson, P. & Slaven, C.

Mangrove forests occur on low energy, sedimentary shorelines of the tropics, between mean tide and high tide elevations. Mangrove trees have physiological and morphological adaptations to the environmental stresses of their intertidal habitat, of high salinity, low oxygen, poor nutrient availability and substrate mobility. These cause the different mangrove species to prefer a particular elevation between mean tide and high tide (Figure 1). True mangrove species occur exclusively in this saline wetland environment, with adaptations such as aerial roots, halophytic strategies.

Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC) annual report : 2007, 2010, 2011 - part 1- annual overview

Biodiversity Conservation

Available Online

Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC)

The 7th Conference of the Pacific Community and 41st Meeting of the Committee of Representatives of Governments and Administrations (CRGA) took place at SPC headquarters in Noumea from 1 to 8 November. The Conference of the Pacific Community SPC's governing body - is held every two years and is immediately preceded by the meeting of CRGA, which makes recommendations to the Conference.

Clean Communities: A Practical Guide to Building and Maintaining Toilets in the Pacific (Bislama)

Biodiversity Conservation

Available Online

Designed for use by community groups, NGOs, government, private enterprises or donor bodies, this guide contains information on the importance of toilets for preventing the spread of disease, the variety of toilet designs and their construction and promotional material,.

Clean Communities: A Practical Guide to Building and Maintaining Toilets in the Pacific

Biodiversity Conservation

Available Online

Designed for use by community groups, NGOs, government, private enterprises or donor bodies, this guide contains information on the importance of toilets for preventing the spread of disease, the variety of toilet designs and their construction, and promotional materials.

GEF PAS Project Document - Prevention, Control and management of Invasive Alien Species in the Pacific Islands.

Biodiversity Conservation, BRB

Available Online

Invasive Alien Species (IAS) are a major threat to marine, freshwater and terrestrial biodiversity of the Pacific islands and to the people there that depend on biodiversity for their livelihoods. Invasive species are implicated in the decline of hundreds of species in the region. Participating Pacific states and the executing agency SPREP (Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme) recognised the need to implement the regional IAS strategy, “Guidelines for Invasive Species Management in the Pacific. A Pacific strategy for managing pests, weeds and other invasive species” (hereafter, the Guidelines) and develop and implement national IAS plans and strategies. The Guidelines were originally identified as a product under this project, but were completed in 2009 prior to writing this proposal. As envisaged during the PIF process the proposed project contributes to the implementation of the Guidelines, each country’s National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan and helps each to meet its responsibilities under Article 8 (h) of the CBD and several other international agreements addressing IAS. The three main components (not including components related to project management) of the proposed project are designed to capture outcomes and outputs described in the Project Identification Form but they have been reorganized to follow the structure of the Guidelines.

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