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American Samoa coral reef marine protected area strategy
Available Online

Oram, Risa Grace

2006
Coral reefs are an important natural resource in American Samoa providing protection, food, and other benefits. American Samoa's reefs have suffered numerous natural and anthropogenic destructive impacts including crown-of-thorns starfish infestations, coral bleaching events, cyclones, sedimentation and pollution. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are one form of management that can be used to address some of these threats to the reefs. Studies have shown that well-designed no-take reserves are particularly effective in maintaining biodiversity, productivity and ecological integrity of coral reefs (NOAA, 2002). MPAs also protect trophic systems and ecosystem resilience. On August 2, 2000 then-Governor Tauese Sunia requested a plan be developed for coral reef protection to reach the goal of protecting twenty percent (20%) of Territorial coral reefs as "no-take" MPA's (Sunia, 2000). To ensure effective management, the American Samoa Government has acknowledged the need for a Coral Reef MPA Strategy that can guide the creation of new no take MPAs. The American Samoa Coral Reef MPA Strategy covers the coral reef ecosystems in American Samoa, which are understood to include coral, seagrass, macroalgae, coralline algae, turf algae, emergent vegetation and mangroves.
Territory of American Samoa integrated water quality monitoring and assessment report, 2006
Available Online

Anderson, Hope S.

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Buchan Edna L.

2006
The Territory of American Samoa lies roughly 14 degrees south of the equator between longitude 169 and 173 west and about 2,500 miles southwest of Hawaii. The principal islands are Tutuila, Aunu'u, and the Manu'a islands (a cluster of three islands, Ta'u, Ofu and Olosega, located about 65 miles east of Tutuila). Swains Island, a small island with a population of less than 25 and Rose Atoll, an uninhabited atoll about 120 miles east of Tutuila make up the remainder of the territory. The population of the territory was 57,291 people in the year 2000, of which approximately 97% live on the island of Tutuila. The islands of American Samoa are volcanic in origin and exhibit the rugged topographic relief common to the Pacific volcanic islands. The climate of the territory is tropical, with uniform high temperatures and high humidity throughout the year. Mean daily temperature during the year varies from about 78 to 82 degrees Fahrenheit. The maximum altitude is about 3,180 ft. above mean sea level at the summit of Lata Mountain on Ta'u Island. Tutuila, with an area of 53 square miles, is the largest island in the territory. It is approximately 20 miles long and ranges in width from less than one mile, to a maximum of 5 miles at the Tafuna Leone plain. A sharp-crested ridge 1,000 to 2,000 feet high with steeply eroded slopes dominates the entire length of the island.
Distribution of the yellow crazy ant in Samoa: survey July 10th to 24th 2006
BRB
Available Online

Tupufia Samani C

2006
1. During a recent survey around Upolu, Savaii and Nuutele the Yellow Crazy Ant was both observed and collected as samples in different locations. 2. The field survey reveals the extend distribution of the Yellow Crazy Ant through out Samoa. 3. 11 sites were visited in Savaii and 12 in Upolu and 1 in Nuutele; no survey was done on Nuulua due to weather conditions. On Upolu and Savaii the sites were located approximately 15km around the island. One or two sites or stations fall inland. 4. Potential sites for experimentations were also been identify during the survey. Sites which were heavily infested by the Yellow Crazy Ant.
Proceedings of the thirty-fourth [34th] SOPAC session, Apia, Samoa, 24-30 September 2005

South Pacific Applied Geoscience Commission (SOPAC) (24-30th : 2005 : Apia, Samoa)

2006
National Capacity Self Assessment (NCSA): thematic assessment report : Samoa
Environmental Governance, Biodiversity Conservation
Available Online

Ministry of Natural Resources, Environment and Meteorology

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UNFCCC Task Team

2006
Samoa, like other Least Developed Countries (LDCs) inherits high vulnerability to natural disasters and to external economic and trade developments for which it has no control. These natural disasters include tropical cyclones, prolonged periods of drought, extreme flooding, pests and sudden outbreak of diseases, storm surges and sea level rise.
Environmental, Risk and Resource Management: disaster insurance for Samoa
Available Online

Ministry of Natural Resources, Environment and Meteorology

2006
The concept of a regional catastrophe insurance scheme for the Pacific was first aired at the third Pacific Island Forum Economic Ministers Meeting (FEMM3) in Samoa in 1999. Its inspiration was the World Bank study on risk transfer options for another group of Small Island Developing States, those in the Caribbean.
Pacific country report - Sea level & Climate : their present state: Cook islands; Federated States of Micronesia; Fiji; Kiribati; Marshall Islands; Nauru; Niue; Palau; Papua New Guinea; Samoa; Solomon Islands; Tonga; Tuvalu; Vanuatu : 2006
Climate Change Resilience, Biodiversity Conservation
Available Online
2006
As part of the AusAID-sponsored South Pacific Sea Level and Climate Monitoring Project ("Pacific Project") for the FORUM region, in response to concerns raised by its member countries over the potential impacts of an enhanced Greenhouse Effect on climate and sea levels in the South Pacific region, a SEAFRAME (Sea Level Fine Resolution Acoustic Measuring Equipment) gauge was installed at Avatiu Harbour, Rarotonga, Cook Islands, in February, 1993. The gauge has been returning high resolution, good scientific quality data since installation.
National capacity self-assessment (NCSA): national capacity needs, constraints and priorities for the implementation of the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (UN-CBD) : Samoa
Available Online

DEC/Government of Samoa/UNDP

2006
Two decades before she ratified the CBD, Samoa was among the first of the small island states in the South Pacific to establish a system of both state and indigenous grassroots community managed terrestrial and marine protected areas; to launch public awareness and community action on the conservation of her biological resources; to establish policy and legislative measures and institutions for the management and sustainable use of components of her biodiversity components.
Samoan Environment Forum: proceedings of the 2005 National Environment Forum|The fact-or-myth of Samoan cultural heritage: personal reflections on family oral history / Tu'u'u Ieti Taule'alo|Samoan and Japan: concerns over mangroves development / Juliet Boon-Nanai|Status of hawksbill turtle nesting in Samoa, 2003/2004 / Mauigoa Lui Bell, Malama S. Momoemausu, Juney Ward & Malaki Iakopo|Participatory approaches for environmental initiatives - community consultation in Samoa / Natalie Mitchell|Emotional intelligence, management concept: a contributing factor for effective service delivery / Mulipola Ausetalia Titimaea|Tropical cyclone forecasting: theory and practical application - case study of tropical cyclone Olaf 2005 / Sala Sagato Tuiafiso|Samoa and the World Heritage Convention - is Samoa ready for world heritage listing / Tuiolo Schuster|Exploring the status of tsunami early warning systems in Samoa / Shaun P. Williams & Aliimalemanu F.M. Leavasa|Determination of a mean daily discharge values for Faleaseela River: implications for population water demand / Masina Nagau Chun, Iosefatu Eti & Mulipola A. Titimaea
Available Online

MNRE

2006
The community based conservation (CBC)paradigm predicts that sustainable biodiversity can only be achieved if local people perceive benefits from conservation. Through interviews, the situation in Samoa portrays that the CBC of mangroves was received with apprehension because the mangrove biodiversity was more significant than sustaining the livelihood of the local communities. In contrast, Iriomote Island residents were able to achieve maximum socio-economic benefits but to the extent that they were over commercializing the mangrove ecosystem. More research is imperative to find out how biodiversity conservation can be married with sustainable development objectives to sustain the local communities' livelihood.
GEF Small grants programme in partnership with NZAID Pacific Environment Fund : Samoa

Global Environment Facility

2006

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