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Future climate poses a set of fundamental challenges to livelihoods in the Pacific Island region. People have to developed an understanding of their natural environments, their production potential and their vulnerabilities and the variations in these through time as forced by climate change.

This study of renewable energy in Vanuatu aims at showing ways to support the country in the implementation of the national Energy Roadmap. One of the priorities in the NERM is to increase electricity access both in areas close to existing grids and in off-grids areas.

In 1989, the Asian Development Bank provided technical assistance to the then Department of Agriculture and the Survey Department through a NZ Consulting Firm - ANZDEC under an ADB Land Resource Planning Survey Project. The Project provided training on mapping and GIS capability for the survey staff who were involved in the mapping work. Electronic GIS data and equipment were handed over to the Department of Agriculture at the end of the project which were later on damaged by Cyclone Ofa in 1990. A decade later, the Integrated Climate Change Risks in Agriculture and Health Sectors (ICCRAHSS) Project funded by the GEF through UNDP contracted the services of a consultant to provide: -improved GIS maps for soil, crops and rainfall distribution under different climatic projections; -review existing GIS systems and possible areas for collaboration; -consider a program to support capacity building on the use of the system and; -some applications that addresses options for climate change adaptation for the agriculture sector. Based on this report, a GIS system for the Ministry of Agriculture was procured to address the need for such a system to be in place with the expectation that the system will be properly utilized and maintained by relevant people.

The Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) submitted its Initial National Communication in October, 1999. This Second National Communication uses it as the baseline to document the increases in FSM's vulnerability to climate change, and changes in its greenhouse gas emissions, since the Initial National Communication was prepared. This National Communication also reports on the efforts FSM is making to reduce its emissions and to identify and implement adaptation options that reduce climate risks.

Strengthening Climate Services in Samoa : Recommendations for the next development phase of integrating climate change mitigation and adaptation services into the agriculture and health sectors in Samoa (2013-2018)

The concept of ‘climate finance’ has gained considerable currency following commitments from developed countries to provide new and additional funding for action on climate change. There have been a series of studies estimating the size of the financing need and assessments of how the international financing architecture can meet those needs. Sources of ‘climate finance’ comprise not only finance that governments spend, but also private finance for private actions on climate change. These studies have served a useful purpose of putting the mobilization and effective use of increased international resources for action on climate change firmly on the agenda.

Climate change is a defining challenge of our time. Scientific evidence shows that even if greenhouse gas emissions are cut to zero – a hypothetical situation which is far from the up to 40% cuts that are so controversial within the negotiations of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) – the world would still be on an inexorable course toward global climate change from the legacy of past emissions. The harmful effects of climate change will most acutely affect developing countries. Nevertheless, UNDP firmly believes that, by harmonizing human development and efforts to manage climate change, it is possible to accelerate G E N D E R , C L I M AT E C H A N G E A N D C O M M U N I T Y - B A S E D A D A P TAT I O N i FOREWORD Munira Morshed Munni/UNDP Bangladesh socio-economic progress. Community-based adaptation is one such approach, as its culturally appropriate strategies and mechanisms promote adaptation and thus contribute to sustainable human development at the grassroots level.