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This Samoa Climate Public Expenditure and Institutional Review (CPEIR) is one of five pilot CPEIRs that test a new methodology for reviewing public expenditure related to climate change, including both adaptation and mitigation, and the way in which this is guided by policy and managed by institutions. The five pilots are being coordinated by UNDP and undertaken by ODI with national and international experts, working closely with governments. The Samoan CPEIR took place be-tween March and May 2012.

Like most Pacific Island countries, Tonga is vulnerable to external economic shocks and natural disasters, particularly droughts and cyclones. Tonga ranks third on a global ranking of 111 development countries by the Composite Vulnerability Index. Tonga’s resident population is approximately 100,000 and is almost entirely Polynesian. The same number of Tongans is believed to reside in overseas countries, mainly in New Zealand, Australia and the United States of America.