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Publication Year 2025
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Subject Conventions - International
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Subject El Niño - La Nina - Oceania
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Use of Marine Biological Diversity of areas beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ Agreement or Treaty) - MEA factsheet

SPREP Publications, Environmental Governance

Available Online

The BBNJ Agreement gives States the means to establish "area-based management tools" in the high seas and deep seabed. These are measures to mange human activities in areas specifically delimited for conservation purposes.

The Chemicals Treaties : Basel Convention, Rotterdam Convention, Stockholm Convention (BRS Treaties) - MEA factsheet

SPREP Publications, Environmental Governance

Available Online

Synergies amongst the BRS Conventions, are simultaneous extraordinary meetings of the Basel, Rotterdam and Stockhold (BRS) COPs (ExCOPs) have been held twice.

United Nations Conventions on Biological Diversity (CBD) - MEA factsheet

SPREP Publications, Environmental Governance

Available Online

The CDB has three objectives, 1. The conservation of biological diversity, 2. The sustainable use of the components of biological diversity, 3. The fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the utilisation of genetic resources

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) - MEA factsheet

SPREP Publications, Environmental Governance

Available Online

The aim of CITES is to ensure that international trade of wild animal and plant species does not threaten their survival.

Convention on Migratory Species (CMS or Bonn Convention) - MEA factsheet

SPREP Publications, Environmental Governance

Available Online

The Convention on Migratory Species (CMS) was adopted in 1979 and entered into force on 1 November 1989 and currently has 133 Parties. A Framework for conserving migratory species and their habitats through two Appendices (and joint research monitoring activities)

Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs)

SPREP Publications, Environmental Governance, Climate Change Resilience, Waste Management and Pollution Control, Climate Science and Information

Available Online

To understand international environmental law, it is of value to have a basic understanding of general international law. International law has been developing over a long period of time, with international environmental law as a sub-sector. International law is generally incorporated in Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs).

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) - MEA factsheet

SPREP Publications, Environmental Governance, Climate Change Resilience, Climate Science and Information

Available Online

1979 "World Climate Conference"organised by WMO expressed concern that continued expansion of man's activities on earth may cause significant extended regional and even global changes of climate.

The Chemicals Treaties (BRS Treaties) : Stockholm Convention - MEA factsheet

SPREP Publications, Environmental Governance, Waste Management and Pollution Control

Available Online

The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants is a global treaty to protect human health and the environment from chemicals that remain intact in the environment for long periods, become widely distributed geographically, accumulate in the fatty issue of humans and wildlife, and have harmful impacts on human health or on the environment.

The Chemicls Treaties (BRS Treaties): Rotterdam Convention - MEA factsheet

SPREP Publications, Environmental Governance, Waste Management and Pollution Control

Available Online

The dramatic growth in chemicals production and trade has raised public and official concern about the potential risks posed by hazardous chemicals and pesticides. Countries lacking adequate infrastructure to monitor the import and use of these chemicals are particularly vulnerable.

COSPPac Pacific Weekly Access-S Update - Wednesday 06 August 2025

SPREP Publications, Climate Science and Information

Available Online

Ocean Outlook, fortnight to 24 August: • Sea surface temperature (SST) forecasts more than 0.8°C above-normal are favoured in the following country Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZs): Palau, central and western FSM, PNG, Solomon Is., Vanuatu, New Caledonia, most of Fiji, southern Tuvalu, northern W & F, southeastern French Polynesia and northern Pitcairn Is. SST anomalies above 1.2°C are favoured in most of PNG, far western Solomon Islands, central Vanuatu, parts of New Caledonia and patches of French Polynesia. Elsewhere, SSTs are predicted to be near-normal.

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