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In an era when digital transformation accelerates at an unprecedented rate, digital economy agreements (DEAs) have gained vital importance for Asia and the Pacific. The rapid development of information and communication technologies has reshaped the global economy, altering trade dynamics and encouraging new approaches to regulatory frameworks

The energy transition readiness assessment (ETRA) framework provides a structured, data-driven, and forward-looking approach to evaluate and analyze the readiness of developing Asian countries for energy transition. The ETRA’s relevance stems from the fact that the region’s energy transition will be crucial for global efforts to reduce carbon emissions to net zero, and an equitable, secure, and sustainable energy transition is vital to the region’s future.

This report focuses on developing economies, as these face severe challenges in financing climate change action. These countries have nonetheless made meaningful commitments through United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Kyoto Protocol, and the Paris Agreement, and most have done so in the form of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and National Adaptation Plans. However, these efforts are falling short of adhering to the 1.5°C pathway and face difficulties in becoming operational.