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This policy brief highlights the importance of engaging the private sector at the national and regional levels to access climate finance and draws out some common challenges for more effective engagement. Some options are provided to support the governments, private sector, civil society and development partners in any national climate actions.

For Pacific Island Countries (PICs) the impacts and implication of climate change and disaster events threaten wellbeing and livelihoods of Pacific people, continue to erode national development gains and present long-term risks to the foundations of Pacific economies.

As a low-lying atoll nation, the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) must contest daily with the social, environmental and economic implications of climate change. The case study summarises the findings of the review of the RMI Joint National Action Plan for Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Assessment 2014-2018 (RMI JNAP)

Overexploitation is a key driver of biodiversity loss but the relationship between the use and trade of species and conservation outcomes is not always straight forward.

As human activities on the world's oceans intensify, mapping human pressure is essential to develop appropriate conservation strategies and prioritize investments with limited resources.

As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to affect societies across the world, the ongoing economic and social disruptions are likely to present fundamental challenges for current and future biodiversity conservation.

This emphasizes that species recovery is conceptually different from extinction risk and reinforces the utility of the IUCN Green Status of Species to more fully understand species conservation status. Although extinction risk did not predict conservation legacy, conservation dependence, or conservation gain, it was positively correlated with recovery potential. Only 1.7% of tested species were categorized as zero across all 4 of these conservation impact metrics, indicating that conservation has, or will, play a role in improving or maintaining species status for the vast majority of these species. Based on our results, we devised an updated assessment framework that introduces the option of using a dynamic baseline to assess future impacts of conservation over the short term to avoid misleading results which were generated in a small number of cases, and redefines short term as 10 years to better align with conservation planning. These changes are reflected in the IUCN Green Status of Species Standard.

Systematic conservation planning identifies priority areas to cost-effectively meet conservation targets. Yet, these tools rarely guide wholesale declaration of reserve systems in a single time step due to financial and implementation constraints. Rather, incremental scheduling of actions to progressively build reserve networks is required. To ensure this incremental action is guided by the original plan, and thus builds a reserve network that meets all conservation targets, strategic scheduling, and iterative planning is needed