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Oceans play a crucial role in, amongst others, global biogeochemical cycles, in regulation of the climate and in the provision of food to sustain human populations. In particular people living in coastal areas in developing countries depend on marine food as their major source of proteins. Therefore it is not surprising that coastal zones are heavily populated.

Wastewater causes serious environmental and human health problems, especially in coastal zones.These is no single solution to solve such problems, because of the large variation in economic, social, cultural and physical characteristics in an area.