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Volcanic ash(VA) id formed during volcanic eruptions and is considered as natural pozzolan as per ASTMC618-93, a standard specific action fro 'Fly ash and raw or calcinated natural pozzolan for use as a mineral. Admixture in Portland cement concrete. It can be suitably used in cement, mortar and concrete. This paper presents comprehensive details of the physical, chemical properties of volcanic ash. It also covers effect of volcanic ash slump. compressive strength, porosity, permeability and sulfate resistance of concrete.

The sea occupies three quarters of the area on the earth and provides various kinds of resources to mankind in the form of minerals, food, medicines and even energy. Seabed exploitation specifically with recovery of the resources that are found on the seabed, in the form of solids, liquids and gases. The resources are abundant, nevertheless the recovery process from the seabed, poses various challenges to mankind.

Southern right whales (Eubalaena australis) are currently listed as endangered under the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (the EPBC Act) because they have undergone a severe reduction in numbers as a result of commercial whaling. An initial recovery plan for southern right whales was developed for the period 2005 to 2010. A review of that plan found that despite progress on many recovery actions and evidence of some population increase in south-west Australian waters, southern right whale habitat occupancy is still constrained in comparison to historical occupancy, and current abundance is still well below estimated historic abundance.

The Fagaloa Volcanics, the oldest of which have reverse polarity implying an age greater than 1,000,000 years, form much of Upolu and Savai'i at depth, particularly in the east. They have significantly lower void ratios and higher densities than most other rocks, due to compaction before erosion, to vesicle filling, and to deep weathering. There is thus a marked tendency for bulk density to increase with depth, made the more marked because relatively dense vitric tuffs, formed like the young Vini Tuff, by eruptions directly into the sea, are presumably more common in the lower part of the volcanic pile.

The aim of this policy brief is to: alert Pacific island countries and territories (PICTs) to the projected effects of climate change on the contributions that oceanic fisheries make to economic development and government revenue and identify the adaptations and policies needed to reduce the threats and capitalise on the opportunities.

The freshwater resources of the Pacific Islands are diverse, from islands where large rivers abound to countries where no surface water resources exist and whose people rely solely on rainwater for their potable and economic needs.