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We reviewed feral cat eradication campaigns on islands with the primary intent of assessing the approaches, successes, and challenges of these conservation actions to help facilitate future island conservation programs. We reviewed documented impacts of feral cat populations on island ecosystems and the recovery of native populations after cat removal. We then analyzed key aspects of these eradication campaigns to identify future directions and challenges of cat eradication. We compiled data from published and gray literature and personally communicated with over 60 researchers and conservation practitioners, covering most of the world’s insular regions.

Over 352 herbivores have now been intentionally introduced into new regions as weed biological control agents. Recent evidence shows that rapid and significant evolution in host specificity can occur. The risk of non target use by biological control agents increasing to unacceptable levels through rapid evolution therefore needs to be considered.

Oceans play a crucial role in, amongst others, global biogeochemical cycles, in regulation of the climate and in the provision of food to sustain human populations. In particular people living in coastal areas in developing countries depend on marine food as their major source of proteins. Therefore it is not surprising that coastal zones are heavily populated.

Wastewater causes serious environmental and human health problems, especially in coastal zones.These is no single solution to solve such problems, because of the large variation in economic, social, cultural and physical characteristics in an area.