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Australia has been a Contracting Party to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) since 1993 and is committed to implementing its obligations under the CBD in accordance with its national priorities. Australia’s fifth national report has been prepared in accordance with Article 26 of the CBD, which states, inter alia, that each Contracting Party shall report on measures it has taken to implement the CBD and the effectiveness of these measures. Australia’s report has been prepared in line with the guidelines for the fifth national report that were agreed by the Conference of the Parties to the CBD in 2010. The fifth national report covers a five year period from January 2009 to December 2013. The information provided by Parties in their fifth national reports will be used to inform a mid-term review of progress towards the implementation of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 and the Aichi Biodiversity Targets. The fifth national reports will also contribute to the development of the fourth edition of the Global Biodiversity Outlook.