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The management plan describes the priority strategies for the upland areas of the Lake Lanuto'o National Park that will nest maintain and improve the key conservation values in these areas by reducing the impact of threats including from climate change.

Mineral extraction from seabed has experienced a recent surge of interest from both the mining industry and marine scientists. While improved methods of geological investigation have enabled the mapping of new seafloor mineral reserves, the ecological impacts of mining in both the deep sea and the shallow seabed are poorly known.

In the early 1980s Spring’s report on marine turtle species distribution indicated there were 6 species of turtles that could be found in PNG water including the green, hawksbill, leatherback, loggerhead, olive ridley and the flatback turtles. Over 30 years later, there is growing doubt if the other two species, the olive ridley and the flatback turtles do actually occur in PNG waters as well. This need to be confirmed.

The blue economy is an approach put forward by the international community to take into account the health of the oceans and seas as we strive to balance the three dimensions of sustainable development: economic, social and environmental. This concept promotes economic growth, social inclusion and improved livelihoods at the same time as ensuring the environmental sustainability of oceans and seas. It defines a new paradigm of ocean economy, one that is in balance with the long-term capacity of the assets, goods and services of marine ecosystems, and that considers social inclusiveness.

Humanity entered the new millennium with unprecedented challenges on a planetary scale.

Coral reef ecosystems are seriously threatened by changing conditions in the ocean. Although many factors are implicated, climate change has emerged as a dominant and rapidly growing threat.

Climate change and natural disasters can have lasting consequences on livelihood, economies and fiscal balances - spanning immediate reconstruction costs and fiscal shocks to long-term halts in tourism and agriculture economies. Although continues in the Pacific are the most exposed globally to these impacts, they have severely limited resources with which to prepare for and respond to them. This publication anazlyses the vulnerability of Pacific economies to climate change and disaster events, and identifies existing resources for responding to economic shocks. It also considers measures that public and private sector stakeholders can take develop new tools to increase economic and fiscal resilience across the Pacific region.

The Independent Pacific Island States are home to a diverse array of heritage sites. These include impressive marine and terrestrial ecosystems, sites evidencing the development if island societies, and placed of significance due to their connection with the customs of Pacific islanders. The World Heritage Conservation requires State parties to implement the legal measures needed to protect the World Heritage within their borders, but does not mandate what firm that legislation must take.

This paper focuses on aspects of governance and management of seabed minerals. Cook islands is presented as an example of a Pacific small island developing State (PSIDS) that has progressed a range of governance and protocols to a mature level particularly considering it's small population.

This paper investigates the vulnerability of households to climatic disasters in the low-lying atoll nation of Tuvalu. Small Island Developing States, particularly the atoll nations, are the most vulnerable to climatic change, and in particular to sea-level rise and its associated risks. Using the most recent household surveys available, we construct poverty and hardship profiles for households on the different islands of Tuvalu, and combine these with geographic and topographic information to assess the exposure differentials among different groups using spatial econometric models. Besides the observation that poor households are more vulnerable to negative shocks because they lack the resources to respond, we also find that they are also more likely to reside in areas highly exposed to disasters (closer to the coasts and at lower elevation) and have less ability to migrate (between and within the islands).