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Ocean Outlook, fortnight to 24 August: • Sea surface temperature (SST) forecasts more than 0.8°C above-normal are favoured in the following country Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZs): Palau, central and western FSM, PNG, Solomon Is., Vanuatu, New Caledonia, most of Fiji, southern Tuvalu, northern W & F, southeastern French Polynesia and northern Pitcairn Is. SST anomalies above 1.2°C are favoured in most of PNG, far western Solomon Islands, central Vanuatu, parts of New Caledonia and patches of French Polynesia. Elsewhere, SSTs are predicted to be near-normal.

Ocean Outlook, fortnight to 18 April: • Sea surface temperature (SST) forecasts more than 0.8°C above normal are favoured in the following country EEZs: Palau, northern CNMI, southern Line Is. (Kiribati), most of PNG, western and southern Solomon Is., central and southern Vanuatu, western and southern New Caledonia, northern Tonga, Niue, southern A. Samoa, southwest Cook Is., northern and parts of southern French Polynesia. SST anomalies above 1.2°C are favoured in parts of PNG, southern New Caledonia, and southern French Polynesia. Elsewhere SSTs are predicted to be near-normal.

Ocean Outlook, fortnight to 4 April: Sea surface temperature (SST) forecasts more than 0.8°Cabove normal are favoured in the following country EEZs: Palau, Guam, most of CNMI, western and northern FSM, far northern RMI, most of PNG, central and western Solomon Is., far northern Vanuatu, parts of New Caledonia, most of American Samoa, most of the Cook Is., southern French Polynesia, and much of Pitcairn Is. SST anomalies above 1.2°C are favoured in southern Palau, large parts of PNG, far southeastern French Polynesia and southwestern Pitcairn Is. Elsewhere SSTs are predicted to be near-normal.

In February, the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) was active and north of the equator over Palau, central FSM, and central RMI north of the equator, and a well-defined SPCZ ex-tending east-southeast from Coral Sea region, southeastern PNG to western Cook Islands in the southern hemisphere

Ocean Outlook, fortnight to 28 March: • Sea surface temperature (SST) forecasts more than 0.8°Cabove normal are favoured in the following country EEZs: Palau, Guam, most of CNMI, most of FSM, northern RMI, most of PNG, most of Solomon Is., northern Vanuatu, northern Fiji, Samoa, American Samoa, most of Cook Is., southern French Polynesia, and western Pitcairn Is. SST anomalies above 1.2°C are favoured in southern Palau, most of PNG, southeastern French Polynesia and southwestern Pitcairn Is. Elsewhere SSTs are predicted to be near-normal.

The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has remained neutral despite a brief period from December to February when the tropical Pacific shifted towards a La Niña-like state. SSTs in the central tropical Pacific have risen over the past 4 weeks, with the most recent value of Niño3.4 (−0.30 °C for the week ending 2 March) firmly within the neutral range

Monthly Pacific Climate and Ocean Bulletin, January 2025

The Pacific Islands Regional Climate Centre (PI-RCC) considers that the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the tropical Pacific remains neutral. While many of the indicators have recently met the threshold for La Niña they have not been sustained for levels or duration sufficient to warrant La Niña status.

The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) remains neutral, with sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the central equatorial Pacific Ocean at ENSO-neutral levels. Atmospheric indices, such as those related to patterns of surface pressure, cloud and trade winds, are broadly consistent with an ENSO-neutral state.

The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) remains neutral, with sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the central equatorial Pacific Ocean at ENSO-neutral levels. Atmospheric indices, such as those related to patterns of surface pressure, cloud and trade winds, are broadly consistent with an ENSO-neutral state. While some have displayed La Niña-like signals over recent months, a consistent and sustained shift in the atmosphere has not been observed.