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The training participants were guided on the basic tools for working with spatial data, all the participants were able to complete the hands-on exercise and pro-duced basic maps, some of which are displayed in the appendix. These maps are evidence to demonstrate participants practical understanding to produce GIS outputs and its key elements.

The explainer provides a summary description of how climate model output is processed and used for informing the Van-KIRAP sectoral impact assessments. Best-prcticed projections science dictated the need to utilise multiple lines of evidence to inform hazard-based climate impact assessments.

This factsheet provides essential information on integrated climate risk concepts and terminology specifically related to hazard-based impact assessments for sectors in Vanuatu

This factsheet provides essential information on greenhouse gas emissions and how they are considered in climate hazard-based impact assessments

This factsheet describes climate models and how they are used in climate hazard-based impact assessments

This factsheet provides technical information on LiDAR data and capability in Vanuatu and how remote sensing technology can be applied to generate data and information for climate hazard-based impact and risk assessments

This factsheet provides technical information on Sofar Spotter buoys and how they are used in Vanuatu for ocean monitoring to generate realtime observational data and information on key physical climate and environmental conditions such as wave height.

Variability in rainfall and cyclone activity is strongly a􀄫ected by the South Pacific Convergence 􀁿one (SPC􀁿) and the El Ni􀅹o Southern Oscillation (ENSO). In El Ni􀅹o years, the SPC􀁿 moves north-east in the western tropical Pacific, leading to drier conditions and fewer cyclones over Vanuatu. In La Ni􀅹a years, the SPC􀁿 moves south-west, leading to wetter conditions and more cyclones over Vanuatu.

Vanuatu has a warmer and wetter season from November to April and a slightly cooler and drier season from May to October.

This report provides a sub-national overview of historical and projected climate variability and change for Vanuatu South (Figure 1). Vanuatu South contains the Tafea province. Information is provided for mean and extreme temperature and rainfall, droughts, tropical cyclones, ocean temperature, sea level rise and coastal inundation [1]. It draws on relevant data and information produced as part of the Van-KIRAP project, as well as published data and information where appropriate.