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Te Kaleega II is the end result of the largest national public discussion since Tuvalu separated from Kiribati in 1975. Te Kakeega II was written after wide pre-summit consultations were held around the country that culminated in the National Summit on Sustainable Development, held at the Tausoalima Falekaupule.

The Biodiversity in this context means all terrestrial and marine ecosystems, all plants and animal species and varieties found in these ecosystems including the knowledge, uses, beliefs and language that the people of Kiribati have in relation to their ecosystems and species. Biodiversity Conservation is always considered along with sustainable use. It has been confirmed that the present state of biodiversity in the Republic of Kiribati is being degraded socially, economically, politically and even judicially. As a nation with very limited resources we just cannot afford to sit back and let this serious degradation continues. If the biodiversity is not conserved or used on a sustainable basis, and if traditional sustainable management practices, and the knowledge and relevant language are not maintained or strengthened then future development would not be able to sustain the people in the long term. The main key in the whole process is the resource owners and users at the community level who hold the long lasting key to biodiversity conservation.

The importance of coastal and marine environments to every aspect of the lives of Pacific Islanders cannot be overstated. Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICTs) maintain resource rights and management responsibilities over 30 million square kilometers of ocean, equivalent to the total land area of Canada, China and the USA combined. The total population of coastal Pacific Islanders is only 2.6 million. There are 11 square kilometers of ocean for each Pacific Islander. Jurisdictionally, the ocean is 200 times more significant to the average Pacific Islander than it is to the average global citizen (Adams et al 1995). Anthropogenic impacts on coastal and marine resources and ecosystems are a major concern for Pacific Island peoples.

National Biodiversity Strategy Action Plan (NBSAP) Working group meeting : Alotau, Papua New Guinea, 2005

As a small island developing state, Samoa is expected to be particularly vulnerable to climate change. Projected sea level rise could increase coastal erosion, cause loss of land and property, and dislocate island inhabitants. Changes in tropical cyclone systems may alter risks to life, property and ecosystems. Water supplies and food security could be threatened by changes in climate. As a Least Developed Country, Samoa is considered to have limited ability to cope with the risks associated with changes in climate. This has been recognized by the international community, and in Article 4.4 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which makes explicit commitments to the most vulnerable developing countries:

The Strategy should be short and simple to revise. It should be a "living" document. That is, it will be accessed by many people often and regularly up-dated. Far better to have a simple strategy with a three year timeline than a comprehensive strategy covering the next two decades but is unreadable and too daunting to refresh every few years. While the longer term goals must be a constant consideration, strategies beyond 5 years are notoriously vague and hard to use.

The National Summit for Sustainable Development posed a question: How do we, the people of Tuvalu, raise the national standard of living, for every citizen? The Malefatuga Declaration, which arose from the NSSD, contains the “Vision” that was unanimously endorsed by the delagates at the NSSD: WE, the representatives at the Tuvalu National Summit on Sustainable Development; comprising all island Head Chiefs and Presidents of Island Councils, Cabinet Ministers and Members of Parliament, representatives of civil society and the private sector, government ministries and departments, development partners and Tuvalu expatriates; RECOGNISE the importance of sustainable development - [that is] development without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs-and endorse the Vision of “By 2015, guided by strong spiritual values enshrined in its motto -’Tuvalu mo te Atua’1 -we will have achieved a healthy, educated, peaceful and prosperous Tuvalu.”

There is an urgent need to improve the management of toilet waste in Funafuti the capital of Tuvalu. The current water-based systems for managing toilet waste, such as water-sealed latrines and septic tanks, are now threatening the sensitive groundwater system of this fragile atoll. During high tides and heavy rains it is likely that contaminated effluent from soakage pits is overflowing into low-lying residential areas, putting people at risk from illnesses such as hepatitis, typhoid, gastroenteritis and diarrhea. Diarrhea is a leading cause of death, in many Pacific Island communities, particularly in children under five years of age.

The objective of the FSM International Waters Project is to promote sustainable coastal fisheries via a system of marine protected areas established and maintained through a collaboration of traditional resources owners, government and non-government organizations, and other stakeholders in one management framework with the goals to: 1. Work with communities to define and clarify root problems relating to fisheries resources and develop their capacity to address problems with assistance from relevant agencies: 2. Survey and demarcate MPA sites and surrounding areas and develop a context for their management; 3. Conduct surveys to gather data needed to enhance the design and function of the MPA: 4. Increase fisheries resources through locally managed MPA: 5. Gather data needed to manage external pressures on coastal fisheries exploitation: 6. Develop a co-management system that will integrate community desires and efforts with relevant government and nongovernment services and resources: and 7. Share information and experience from the project with others on Yap and elsewhere to enhance awareness and replication of the project within and beyond Yap State. The theme of the project concept. “ CHOTHOWLIY EA DAY” which means "take care of the marine environment" was advanced as a follow up to the Yap Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan which was being undertaken at that time.

The primary objective of Samoa's International Waters Project (IWP) is to find ways to improve the management of freshwater resources for the rural communities of Lepa and Apolima Island and to improve their access to minimum standards of drinking water. The Ministry of Natural Resources, Environment and Meteorology is the government lead agency responsible for the implementation of the IWP in Samoa through the Division of Environment and Conservation.