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Solid Waste Management in the PacificSamoa Country Snapsnot

Waste Management and Pollution Control

Available Online

ADB - Asian Development Bank

Little data is available on the amounts and types of municipal solid waste (MSW) generated on Upolu, as regular waste assessments are not undertaken. Information that is currently available indicates that per capita MSW generation in diff erent parts of Upolu varies between 0.38 kilograms (kg) and 0.48 kg per person per day, depending on income levels, extent of urbanization, and other factors. MSW generation rates are most likely considerably higher in Apia than in the villages. Assuming an average per capita generation rate of 0.45 kg per person per day and a population of 138,000, the MSW household generation rate is therefore about 60 tons per day, or more than 20,000 tons per year. From mid-2012 until the year 2030, assuming nominal growth in population and per capita waste generation, Upolu is therefore expected to generate in excess of 350,000 tons of household waste, which is a significant amount for a small island nation. Added to this would be

Economics of Harmful Invasive Species: A review

Gren, Ing-Marie

Marbuah, George

McKie, Brendan

The purpose of this study is to review theoretical and empirical findings in economics with respect to the challenging question of how to manage invasive species. The review revealed a relatively large body of literature on the assessment of damage costs of invasive species; single species and groups of species at different geographical scales. However, the estimated damage costs show large variation, from less than 1 million USD to costs corresponding to 12% of gross domestic product, depending on the methods employed, geographical scale, and scope with respect to inclusion of different species. Decisions regarding optimal management strategies, when to act in the invasion chain and which policy to choose, have received much less attention in earlier years, but have been subject to increasing research during the last decade. More difficult, but also more relevant policy issues have been raised, which concern the targeting in time and space of strategies under conditions of uncertainty. In particular, the weighting of costs and benefits from early detection and mitigation against the uncertain avoidance of damage with later control, when the precision in targeting species is typically greater is identified as a key challenge. The role of improved monitoring for detecting species and their spread and damage has been emphasized, but questions remain on how to achieve this in practice. This is in contrast to the relatively large body of literature on policies for mitigating dispersal by trade, which is regarded as one of the most important vectors for the spread of invasive species. On the other hand, the literature on how to mitigate established species, by control or adaptation, is much more scant. Studies evaluating causes for success or failure of policies against invasive in practice are in principal non-existing.

Report on Global Environmental Competitiveness (2013)

Available Online

Li Jianping, Li Minrong, Wang Jinnan, Li Jianjian, Su Hongwen, Huang Maoxing

Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions of Gases and Particles

Available Online

Peter S. Liss, Martin T. Johnson

This book is an outcome and an important part of the legacy of COST Action 735, whose overall aim was to develop tools for estimating air-sea fluxes of compounds important for climate, air quality and ocean productivity. The action was closely allied with the SOLAS (Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study) project of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP), with both having very similar objectives. Because of this, they were mutually supportive in many ways. The action ran for 5 years, starting in September 2006 and ending in September 2011. It involved more than 300 scientists mainly from Europe (77 % from the following 18 countries: Belgium, Cyprus, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom) but with a significant number from outside Europe, so that in total scientists from 30 countries participated. One third of the participants were female. The action had a reciprocal agreement with New Zealand. Additional information about the action can be found at http://www.cost-735.org/.

Inception Report 2013 - Pacific POPs release reduction through improved management of solid and hazardous waste

Waste Management and Pollution Control

Available Online

SPREP

The Pacific POPs release reduction through improved management of solid and hazardous waste project was developed with the aim to improve poor regional waste management, the principal source of unintentionally produced POPs (dioxins and furans) emissions in the Pacific region, and therefore help address the obligation of Stockholm Convention Parties to reduce, minimize and where feasible, eliminate dioxins and furans. An Inception Meeting to increase stakeholder awareness of the project and to build stakeholder engagement is considered a critical component of project management by the Implementing Agency. This meeting was held in November 2013. The Project Inception Report presented here is the corresponding reporting requirement for this meeting specified in the Project Document (ProDoc)that includes a detailed narrative describing: i). the institutional roles and responsibilities of the project partners; ii). stakeholder engagement commitments; iii). progress on project establishment and start up activities; iv). a detailed project management plan; v). a project supervision plan; and vi). a monitoring and evaluation plan suitable for progress tracking purposes.

Birds and Climate Change : Impacts and conservation responses

Green, Rhys E.

Pearce-Higgins, James W.

From the red grouse to the Ethiopian bush-crow, bird populations around the world can provide us with vital insights into the effects of climate change on species and ecosystems. They are among the best studied and monitored of organisms, yet many are already under threat of extinction as a result of habitat loss, overexploitation and pollution.

Powered by Health : the high achieving woman's guide to health, vitality and a new life full of possibilities

Bigelow, Amanda

Are you a driven, high-performing woman who feels tired and low in energy? Do you often feel overwhelmed and stressed? Filled with practical advice, Powered by Health provides modern women with the 'know how' to be able to take their health and productivity to a whole new level. Health coach and behavior change specialist, Amanda Bigelow has identified Five Principles of Integrative Health which lead to super health and vitality. In this book, you will learn how to: Recognise which foods are not nourishing you and then crowd them out with good nutrition Move your body in a way it loves Become accountable to yourself by doing what you say you will Rediscover wonderful aspects of yourself that you'd put aside Reflect, and deal with the bigger issues in your life including relationships and career. Containing real life stories to illustrate key points, a simple survey to diagnose your own health status, and exercises and tools designed to strengthen and revitalise you, Powered by Health will help you take positive action for your health. If you have that niggling feeling that your health could be a lot better, this book will provide you with a roadmap from where you are now to where you dream you could be.

Field Report - Global Reef Expedition: Cook Islands (21 April 2013 - 6 May 2013)

Bruckner, Andrew W.

This report summarizes the activities undertaken by the Khaled bin Sultan Living Oceans Foundation in the Cook Islands. It was developed as one of the products of the Global Reef Expedition: Cook Islands research project to meet one of the requirements of the research permit issue #35/12 approved by the Foundation for National Research and the Office of the Prime Minister as state in File ref 510.3, Letter No. 152 dated 27th December 2012

cook islands

Critical Analysis Report - FNU (Fiji National University) Waste Management Vocational Training (2013-2014)

Waste Management and Pollution Control

Available Online

SPREP

Reduced emissions of unintentionally produced POPs (uPOPs) is hoped to be achieved under the GEFPAS project through a range of funded initiatives including the provision of quality vocational training of semi-skilled waste employees. It was envisioned that this would involve the development and delivery of a waste management vocational training course at a regional institution. The overall project objectives related to the training were to create a program that would: · Develop a solid waste management vocational training program in conjunction with regional institutions; · Routinely train course participants to become waste management trainers using the trainthe-trainer concept; and · Ensure long-term sustainability and continuity of the training program with regional institutions.

Vava'u Marine Services: Vaipua Boatyard Development - Environmental Impact Assessment

Available Online

Walker, Katie

This document reports the findings of an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for the construction of a hard stand boat haul out and storage facility (here on referred to as a boatyard) in the Vaipua area of the Vavau island group in the Kingdom of Tonga. The boatyard operation will consist of a compacted haulage slipway, a graded and sealed land area and related terrestrial infrastructure covering an area of approximately 2.42 hectares. The boatyard will be a facility for the long or short term storage of a maximum of 150 vessels up to 55ft in length with a maximum weight of 30 tonnes. Following the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Act 2003, approval must be sought from the Tongan Government Ministry for Environment for any predefined major projects that are likely to have an impact on the elements described in the EIA Act. Under Schedule 1 (subsection j) of the EIA Act, this project comprises of a dry storage area for more than 20 pleasure or recreation craft rendering it a major project and therefore automatically requiring an EIA to be presented to the Minister of Environment. Pacific Environmental & Ecotourism Consultancy Services (PEECS) (consultant) has been contracted by Vavau Marine Services (proponent) to prepare the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). This EIA is prepared in accordance with the Tongan Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations 2010 and other relevant regulations and guidelines applicable to the proposed project.

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