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The Helping Islands Adapt workshop was held in Auckland, New Zealand between the 11th and 16th of April 2010 to support regional action against invasive species on islands, in order to preserve biodiversity and adapt to climate change. It arose from decisions under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) relating to invasive alien species and island biodiversity, and was hosted by the Government of New Zealand with support from a number of partner organisations and countries. The workshop focused on four major island regions: the Caribbean, Coral Triangle, Indian Ocean and Pacific, and involved participation by 82 people from 24 countries and territories, and 29 national, regional and international organisations (see participants list in Appendix 5). The workshop was specifically designed to allow for the maximum exchange of experience and support between representatives from diverse island regions working in invasive species management. It also included a field inspection of one of the Department of Conservation‘s invasive species management projects on Rangitoto Island in Auckland‘s Hauraki Gulf. The workshop built on efforts under the Cooperative Islands Initiative, a partnership launched at the World Summit for Sustainable Development and the CBD 6th Conference of the Parties in 2002. Its intended outputs had been agreed by the organiser‘s steering committee and set out as a 'road map‘ that was used to ensure clarity of the workshop‘s intended purpose, outputs and outcomes. An overview of the workshop, its sponsors, participants and conclusions was developed during the workshop and submitted to the 14th ?Subsidiary Body on Scientific Technical and Technological Advice (SBSSTA 14) to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in Nairobi 10-21 May 2010. That report is provided in full in Appendix 5 to these proceedings.

Wildlife trafficking is a large-scale multi-billion dollar industry worldwide. The illegal trade of wildlife has reached such prominence that it has the potential to devastate source populations of wildlife, impacting on the integrity and productivity of ecosystems in providing food and resources to the local economy. In order to protect these resources, legislation has been put in place to control the trade of wildlife in almost every country worldwide. Those assigned with enforcing these laws have the monumental task of identifying the exact species that are being traded, either as whole living plants or animals, as parts that are dried, fried or preserved, or as derivatives contained within commercial products.

Ecosystem services are the benefits people obtain from ecosystems, such as clean air, fresh water, and the pollination of crops. The aim of this literature review was to find empirical data illustrating the ways in which conservation land and conservation management activities affect ecosystem services. The widely-held belief that natural ecosystems—such as those found on conservation land in New Zealand—provide a range of ecosystem services is generally supported by the literature. International studies show that natural vegetation can decrease air pollution, regulate local air temperatures, improve water quality, reduce shallow soil erosion, and retain natural nutrient cycles. It can also be beneficial for pest control and pollination on agricultural land. Wetlands can improve water quality and can play a role in drought and flood mitigation. Seagrasses, saltmarsh vegetation, and mangroves can reduce the height and force of waves and play a role in flood protection. In addition, maintaining biodiversity preserves genetic libraries and future options for discoveries of valuable biological compounds. The few studies investigating the effects of conservation management activities on ecosystem services indicate that restoring vegetation can improve water quality and water storage functions, can reverse soil degradation on a local scale, and can restore plant-insect interactions. Additionally, removing some invasive plant species can increase water yield. Unfortunately, very few studies of ecosystem services have been conducted in New Zealand to date, and only some of the international results are likely to be applicable under New Zealand conditions. Accordingly, while conservation is probably beneficial for a range of ecosystem services in New Zealand, the scarcity of local data makes it difficult to ascertain where and when, and to what extent, the majority of those benefits transpire. Keywords: ecosystem services, air, climate, water, soil, pest control, disease regulation, pollination, natural hazard protection, nutrient cycling, fish stocks, biodiversity, conservation management, natural habitat, restoration.

This report provides a comprehensive yet simple guide to the construction and use of a Geographic Information System (GIS) for collating, analysing, updating and managing data in wildlife management or research projects. The spatial analysis of yellow-eyed penguin (hoiho, Megadyptes antipodes) nest site data from Boulder Beach. Otago Peninsula, is used as an example. The report describes the key components used in the construction of the GIS, which included aerial photography, a digital elevation model and habitat map of the study area, and nest site data collected at Boulder Beach between 1982 and 1996. The procedures for estimating the geographic locations of nest sites using historical hand-drawn sketch maps are also described, demonstrating the potential for incorporating and analysing historical datasets in this type of GIS. The resulting GIS was used to conduct simple spatial analyses of some of the characteristics of yellow-eyed penguin nesting habitat selection, as well as the densities of nest sites in each type of nesting habitat at Boulder Beach. The sources of error, uncertainty and other limitations of this and other GIS arc described, along with procedures and steps to minimise and avoid them. The yellow-eyed penguin GIS described in this report provides an example of the potential utility of GIS in ecological research and management of both yellow-eyed penguins and many other species.

Whale-watching as an industry in the Pacific is growing much faster than whale numbers are recovering and is proving to be by far the most lucrative use of whales, with the added attraction of doing them no harm, provided that the operations are well managed.