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The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is currently neutral. However, the Bureau's ENSO Outlook is at La Niña Watch, due to some early signs that an event might form in the Pacific Ocean later in 2024.

The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is currently neutral. Sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the central Pacific have been steadily cooling since December 2023. This surface cooling is supported by a significant amount of sub-surface cooling underneath the central and eastern Pacific. Recent cloud and surface pressure patterns are also neutral.

The El Niño continues, but is near its end. Climate models indicate sea surface temperatures in the central tropical Pacific are expected to return to ENSO-neutral later in autumn 2024. Oceanic indicators, such as tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures, have been steadily cooling since December, but are still meeting El Niño thresholds.

The El Niño persists, although a steady weakening trend is evident in its oceanic indicators. Climate models indicate sea surface temperatures in the central tropical Pacific are expected to continue declining and are forecast to return to ENSO-neutral in the southern hemisphere autumn 2024. Atmospheric indicators are mixed but are consistent with a steadily weakening El Niño. Cloudiness near the equatorial Date Line has decreased over the last fortnight, returning to the climatological average. Short term pressure patterns are characteristic of an El Niño state, but when averaged over 60- and 90- days they are more typical of ENSO-neutral. Temporary fluctuations of ENSO atmospheric indicators are common during summer and are not an indication of El Niño strength.

This report explains the stakeholder consultation process undertaken and the scope, need and roles of stakeholders identified during the consultation sessions.

this report overviews the outcomes of and in-country work programme, undertaken by NIWA to address the scope of work for supply, installation and commissioning of hydrometric monitoring date management and processing systems to improve flood warning systems in Vanuatu, including the provision of TIDEDA and hydrometirc monitoring training of DoWR staff.

This report presents information about tropical cyclone (TC) associated economic cost (hereafter referred to as cost just 'C') over Vanuat, including historical averages and projections as they relate to "global and local warming levels". The report uses datasets and information from Vanuatu Government agencies and presents the information in new and more salient ways, with more context and detail: thereby making the information more relevant to decision-makers for application at a sectoral level, The report examines historical TC related cost-intensity relationship for Vanuatu and estimates the mean cost per TC and annual total cost under a warming climate by the mid and late century.

The main climate hazards for Vanuatu include tropical cyclones with high winds and wave energy, heavy rainfall resulting in flooding, extended periods without rain causing drought, rising sea levels threatening coastal environments and property, as well as sea temperature increase and ocean acidification impacting highly valuable coastal ecosystems and resources (including coral reefs, seagrass and fisheries.

The El Niño continues in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Model forecasts and observations indicate sea surface temperatures in the central tropical Pacific have peaked and are now declining. Sea surface temperatures in the tropical Pacific are expected to return to neutral El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) levels in the southern hemisphere autumn 2024. Most atmospheric indicators are close to normal levels, although trade winds have temporarily weakened in line with the passage of the Madden-Julian Oscillation through the region.

The purpose of this report is to explain the background, methodology development and application of the framework. The report introduces this project and how this RCRAF aligns with the existing Van-KIRAP climate information products and outputs, provides a background to the rapid climate risk assessment.