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Scientific evidence of human interference with the climate first emerged in the international public arena in 1979 at the First World Climate Conference (see timelines). As public awareness of environmental issues continued to increase in the 1980s, governments grew even more concerned about climate issues. In 1988 the United Nations General Assembly adopted resolution 43/53, proposed by the Government of Malta, urging: "... protection of global climate for present and future generations of mankind."

The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) secretariat has produced this book to highlight the concerns and needs of developing countries in adapting to the effects of climate change. This book outlines the impact of climate change in four developing regions: Africa, Asia, Latin America and Small Island Developing States; the vulnerability of these regions to future climate change; current adaptation plans, strategies and actions; and future adaptation options and needs

This handbook provides an overview of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (the Convention) as of August 2006. It focuses on the institutional framework of the Convention and the actions taken by the Conference of the Parties to the Convention (COP). It touches on some aspects of the Kyoto Protocol but it is first and foremost a handbook to the Convention.

Small island developing States (SIDS) have long been recognized by the international community as a special case whose needs and concerns have to be addressed. Although these countries are among the least responsible for climate change, they are likely to suffer most from its adverse effects and could in some cases even become uninhabitable. This is what makes them a special case requiring the help and attention of the international community.