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In Solomon Islands, the Pacific Adaptation to Climate Change (PACC) project focused on food security, with a goal ‘to contribute to reduced vulnerability and increased adaptive capacity to adverse effects of climate change in Solomon Islands’. The pilot sites for the demonstration projects were the low lying atolls of Ontong Java and, in a second phase, Sikaiana. These atolls are extremely isolated and are highly vulnerable in many respects. Climaterelated threats mainly come from sea level rise and extreme weather events, and impacts on food security include contamination of the freshwater lens affecting crop production. Associated soil salinisation, as well as loss of land through erosion, also have serious implications for subsistence food production in locations that are already stressed.

The likelihood (i.e., probability) components of climate-related risks in the Cook Islands are evaluated, for both present-day and future conditions. Changes into the future reflect the influence of global warming. The risk events for which current and future likelihoods are evaluated are extreme rainfall events (both hourly and daily), drought, high sea levels, strong winds, and extreme high air temperatures. Tropical cyclone frequencies over the past century are also examined. Some climate-related human health and infrastructure risks are also investigated.