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This report is an outcome of the high degree of cooperation and collaboration that exists between the implementing partners of the Australia Aid-funded Climate and Ocean Support Program in the Pacific (COSPPac). specifically the Bureau of Meteorology (BoM), the Pacific Community (SPC) and Pacific Regional Environmental Programme (SPREP) together with the valuable ongoing support from the national meteorological services in the IS partner countries and territories.

This guidance note provides review and recommendations for how the protective services of mangroves and coral reefs can be measured and valued in a manner consistent with national economic accounts and included in other decision-making processes to support planning for development, disaster risk, and coastal zone management. It synthesizes evidence of the role mangroves (Chapter 2) and coral reefs (Chapter 3) play in coastal protection and risk reduction. It also reviews the tools and approaches commonly used by ecologists, economists and engineers for estimating the coastal protection services of coastal habitats (Chapter 4). Moreover, it examines how the valuations of these coastal protection services can be considered in the System of Environmental Economic Accounts (SEEA), the satellite accounts to the System of National Accounts (SNA) (Chapter 5). In addition, the note examines where the coastal protection role of reefs and mangroves has been used in management decisions from local to national scales (Chapter 6). Finally, it provides recommendations for advancing the assessment and the use of coastal protection values from coral reefs and mangroves in national and regional decisions (Chapter 7).

The report covers the carbon funds, facilities, and financial products managed by the World Bank Group between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2014.

The Climate Change and Development Series was created in 2015 to showcase economic and scientific research that explores the interactions between climate change, climate policies, and development. The series aims to promote debate and broaden under-standing of current and emerging questions about the climate-development nexus through evidence-based analysis.

And advance brief from the State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2015 report, to be released late 2015

This report follows the evolution of carbon pricing around the world. Last year's report mapped the main carbon pricing initiatives. This year, the report presents the status of each of these developing initiatives and explores the emerging trends of carbon pricing. The focus is on the recent highlights from around the world, and on key lessons that can be drawn from the growing experience.

PACC reports