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Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are areas of the ocean set aside for long-term conservation aims.| MPAs support climate change adaptation and mitigation while providing other ecosystem services.| Currently 6.35% of the ocean is protected, but only just over 1.89% is covered by exclusively no-take MPAs.| Most existing MPAs do not have enough human and financial resources to properly implement conservation and management measures.| Increased political commitments can help boost the governance of and resources available to MPAs.

There are opportunities to capture more experience from initiatives at the local level, which can support objectives of the NBSAP and strengthen national reporting. Further research on gender and biodiversity can usefully build on the knowledge base on gender and environment themes, and gender and climate change in particular. Research and sharing of experience are also needed to promote and strengthen understanding and awareness of the relevance of gender to biodiversity conservation and sustainable use in the nation context.

Indigenous peoples and local communities often depend on natural resources and biodiversity to meet their subsistence needs and sustain their livelihoods. They have demonstrated their ability to be highly effective natural resource managers under the right conditions, but are also vulnerable to environmental degradation and climate change.

Brochure on building partnerships for EU overseas to meet biodiversity and climate change challenges

Improve baseline knowledge about biological, economic, social and cultural aspects of mangrove resources and uses in each country and the link between healthy mangroves and disaster risk reductions, for informed adaptation to climate change at national and community level.

Improve baseline knowledge about biological, economic, social and cultural aspects of mangrove resources and uses in each country and the link between healthy mangroves and disaster risk reductions, for informed adaptation to climate change at national and community level.

Improve baseline knowledge about biological, economic, social and cultural aspects of mangrove resources and uses in each country and the link between healthy mangroves and disaster risk reductions, for informed adaptation to climate change at national and community level.

Improve baseline knowledge about biological, economic, social and cultural aspects of mangrove resources and uses in each country and the link between healthy mangroves and disaster risk reductions, for informed adaptation to climate change at national and community level.

Reaffirm that the Barbados Programme of Action (BPOA) and the Mauritius Strategy of Implementation (MSI) remain the essential blueprints for addressing the sustainable development needs of Small Island Developing States (SIDS). In this regard, SIDS remain fully committed to ensuring the full and effective implementation of the BPOA and the MSI and we urge our development partners to provide, in a timely and predictable manner, financial and technical support to ensure the successful implementation of the BPOA and MSI. (agreed)

The decade and-a-half since the 1992 Earth Summit has seen a vast expansion in the number and scope of Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs). There are now more than 700 environmental conventions, charters, agreements, accords, protocols and treaties in force, from global to regional to bilaterallyapplicable agreements. They cover areas as narrowly-focused as the Biosafety Protocol in the Convention on Biological Diversity and as widely encompassing as the recently activated Kyoto Protocol of the Framework Convention on Climate Change. And there are still dozens of conferences, commissions, and ad hoc expert groups negotiating additional agreements, often on intensely complex intersectoral issue areas.