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The Global Wetland Outlook 2025 presents a synthesis of scientific information on the value of the world's wetlands, the costs to society due to wetland loss and degradation and the scale investment needed to restore wetlands. It is based on the latest publications and data on the extent of inland, coastal and marine wetlands and global databases on the benefits that wetlands provide.

A global survey if coral reefs reveals that over fishing is driving resident shark species toward extinction, causing diversity deficits in reef elasmobranch ( shark and ray) assemblages. Our species-level analysis analysis revealed global declines of 60 to 73% for five common resident reef shark species and that individual shark species were not detetced at 34 to 47% of surveyed reefs.

Human rights matter for marine conservation because people and nature are inextricably linked. A thriving planet cannot be one that contains widespread human suffering or stifles human potential and a thriving humanity cannot exist on a dying planet.

Community-based conservation can support livelihoods and biodiversity while reinforcing local and indigenous values, cultures and institutions.

Mangrove forests store high amounts of carbon, protect communities from storms and support fisheries. Mangroves exist in complex social-ecological systems hence identifying socioeconomic conditions associated with decreasing losses and increasing gains remains challenging albeit important.

The 2020 global spatial targets for protected areas set by the Convention on Biological Diversity have almost been achieved, but management e3ffectiveness remains deficient.

Global plastics production has risen exponentially over the last decades - now amounting to some 400 million tonnes per year. Although plastic serves many useful purposes, its rapidly growing production and consumption coupled with a lack of a circular approaches keeping plastic in the economy and out of the environment.

Accelerating ecosystem degradation has spurred proposals ti vastly expand the extent of protected areas (PCs), potentially affecting the livelihoods and well-being of indigenous peoples and local communities (IPLCs) worldwide.

Piecing together the history carbon (C) perturbation events throughout Earth's history has provided key insights into how the Earth system responds to abrupt warming.

Currently, reduction of environmental e ects of the cement industry is an issue of global interest and one of the alternatives is to replace clinker with additions such as volcanic powder. The purpose of this work is to study the influence of up to 400 hardening days of volcanic powder, obtained from the last eruption of the Calbuco volcano (Chile), on the pore structure, mechanical performance, and durability-related properties of mortars which incorporate up to 20% volcanic powder as a substitution for clinker. In addition, an evaluation of greenhouse gases emissions was performed in order to quantify the possible environmental benefits of incorporating the volcanic powder in the mortars. The results obtained indicated that mortars with contents of 10% and 20% of volcanic powder had adequate service properties and improved all durability-related properties overall as compared with those noted for ordinary Portland cement. Additionally, the use of up to 20% volcanic powder makes it possible to reduce the CO2 emissions of mortars by almost 20%, demonstrating the advantages of incorporating this addition in mortars.