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Adopted by the International Law Commission at its seventy-sixth session, in 2025, and submitted to the General Assembly as a part of the Commission’s report covering the work of that session (A/80/10, annex I). The report will appear in Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 2025, vol. II, Part Two.

The Tomman Island Community Based Integrated Fisheries Management Plan (CBIFMP) provides roadmap for improved management of coastal resources, to ensuring food security and livelihood growth is balanced with sound environmental management. The plan is part of the fisheries sector component of the nationwide initiative to improve resilience and adaptation of island communities to the changes brought about by climate change, global warming and ocean acidification

The purpose of this document is a major objective of this project is to train ad build capacity in each of the countries. Several existing Blue Carbon methods, guidelines and manuals provide detailed guidance on how to assess carbon stocks in mangroves and seagrass.This document provides detail of the country specific methods for undertaking carbon stock, biodiversity and threat assessments that were developed by this project based on the existing guidelines.

Seagrass and mangroves are valuable coastal ecosystem for Pacific Island Nations, Blue Carbon Ecosystems (BCEs) such as seagrass and man groves ecosystems provide substantial ecological, economic and social benefits, significantly supporting the lives and livelihoods of Pacific Island Nations. The protection and restoration of these BCEs not only protect carbon stores that help mitigate climate change but are also essential for the sustainable development and resilience of Pacific Island Nations

The Atoll Climate-Resilient Home Gardening Guide has been developed to complement face-to-face training on the use of climate resilient home gardening technologies. The climate-resilient agriculture principles outlined in this guide are developed for atoll environments by strengthening soil health and water conservation practices.

The Indigenous Knowledge Leadership Programme (IKLP) is a part of the climate Resilient islands (CRI) programme and is designed to engage with traditional knowledge to nest inform climate resilience. The purpose of this programme is to activate traditional knowledge support the priority pathways identified by communities for increased resilience against the impacts of climate change.

A global effort is needed to implement ambitious climate action in view of accelerating climate impacts. Action on adaptation is still inadequate. Although there is clear evidence of accelerating climate impacts, changing geopolitical priorities and increasing fiscal constraints are making it more challenging to mobilize the resource needed for climate mitigation, adaptation and loss and damage.

The report looks at what it would take to limit overshoot to about 0.3°C, with a 66 per cent chance, and return to 1.5°C by 2100. This scenario would require cutting 2030 emissions by 26 percent and 2035 emissions by 46 percent compared with 2019 levels.

Since its initial articulation in the early 1970s, the sphere of legislative and judicial practices regarding the right to a healthy environment (R2HE) has evolved substantially. This report identifies and examines trends and developments in the interpretation of the R2HE over a decade (2015-2025) through an analysis of the advancement of the right in thirty jurisdictions, including international and regional human rights bodies.

Sharks and rays are among the most threatened vertebrates on the planet, facing intense pressure from overfishing, habitat loss and degradation and inadequate protection across critical sites for life-history processes and their migratory ranges.