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Pilot study of factors linking watershed function and coastal ecosystem health in American Samoa: trip report
Biodiversity Conservation
Available Online

Atkinson Carter T

,

Medeiros Arthur C

2005
This report assesses the potential need for an interagency effort to address the management and functioning of watersheds and their relationship to the integrity of near shore marine ecosystems and resources in American Samoa. The global demands of growing human populations are changing the dynamics of watersheds. These changes, usually involving increased or modified nutrient and sediment movement, marginalize the sustainability of both near shore and offshore marine resources. Though this trend is widely recognized, empirical data that documents these changes and assesses the effects of specific management actions is often lacking.
Seaweeds of American Samoa
BRB
Available Online

Posa A. Skelton

This study provides the latest, up-to-date information on the diversity of marine plants (algae and seagrasses) of American Samoa. A general introduction to marine plants is provided, with observations on the flora of the islands. An illustrated guide to 67 macroalgae and seagrasses is provided in this report. The surveys covered 26 sites from four inhabited islands Tutuila, Aunu’u, Ofu and Olosega and two smaller uninhabited islands – Nu’utele and Nu’usilaelae. The habitats surveyed include subtidal sites to 20-m depth, inter tidal and the spray or splash zone. It also included surveys of relatively pristine coral reefs as well as high impact areas such as the inner Pago Pago Harbor. Two separate surveys, both over a two-week period in October 2002 and September 2003 were carried out and the final results are reported herein. A total of 635 specimens were analyzed and 239 algal and seagrass species were enumerated. The red algae (Rhodophyta) had the highest number of species with 133 identified. The green algae (Chlorophyta) had 60 species, the brown algae (Phaeophyta) had 29, and the blue-green (Cyanophyta) 27; only two seagrass species were found. This study showed that the flora of American Samoa is diverse, and that what is recorded reflects about 60% of the potential flora. The most diverse site was Utulei with 56 species; a site located near the Pago Pago Harbor entrance. Other notable diverse sites include the Fagatele National Marine Sanctuary with 50 species, Fagasa (44), Mafafa (36), Aua (32), and Onososopo and Fagaalu both with 31 species. The least diverse sites were the docks and the smaller Nu’usilaelae Island. This is attributed to the limited collections from these sites for safety reasons. There are no substantiated records of endemic algae or seagrasses from American Samoa. Two species recorded by the American phycologist, William Setchell in 1924 (Sargassum fonanonense and Sargassum anapense) need more studies to verify their endemicity, as similar species have been recorded in the neighboring Western Samoa islands, where they are known under different names. Four algae are considered to be recently introduced into the American Samoan flora. Halymenia durvillei and Caulerpa serrulata may have been introduced from Apia Harbor, Western Samoa, whereas Grateloupia filicina and Codium mamillosum may have been introduced from places beyond the Archipelago. Although only single specimens were collected for the latter two algae, it is prudent that monitoring and surveys must be maintained to keep abreast of any potential impacts. The flora of American Samoa fits in with the biogeographic theory of decreasing diversity away from the Indo-Pacific centre of biodiversity. The 222 species of red, green and brown algae is well above those of the Cook Islands (67) and the Easter Islands (134), but below that of French Polynesia (308). The reason for this disparity is attributed to the intensity of collections. The diversity of American Samoan seagrasses and algae are better known than those of neighboring island countries. To allow for a continuous buildup and maintenance of this knowledge the following observations and recommendations are made.
Threatened island nations : legal implications of rising seas and changing climate
Climate Change Resilience, Biodiversity Conservation
Available Online

Gregory E. Wannier

,

Michael B. Gerrard

2015
Threatened island nations : legal implications of rising seas and changing climate
First meeting of the signatories to the Memorandum of Understanding for the Conservation of Cetaceans and their habitats in the Pacific Islands Region
Biodiversity Conservation
Available Online

Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP)

2007
Mamanuca coral reef conservation project - Fiji 2001 report summary
Biodiversity Conservation
Available Online

Harborne, Alastair et al.

2001
The coastal zone of Fiji (which includes seagrass beds, mangroves and coral reefs) is threatened by a number of factors, for example pollution following land-use conversion and over-fishing. Localised anthropogenic threats have been exacerbated by storm damage, outbreaks of the coral eating crown-of-thorns starfish and coral bleaching events. For example, most areas of Fiji, including the reefs of the Mamanuca Islands, suffered from a mass coral bleaching event in early 2000. Marine reserves are currently limited and expansion of this network requires additional data and conservation education. The aim of the pilot project of the MCRCP was to initiate a programme of surveys, training and conservation education to assess the status of local reefs and improve environmental awareness amongst neighbouring communities.
Fiji: Castaway island progress report: Baseline survey data, March-May 2002
Available Online

Harding Simon

,

Raines Peter

,

Slater Julie

,

Solandt Jean-Luc

,

Walker Diane

2002
This is to certify that the tonnages of this ship have been determined in accordance with the provisions of the Annexs I of the INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION ON TONNAGE MEASUREMENT OF SHIPS, 1969
Fiji Reef conservation project 2002: reef check report (2001-2002) / prepared by Dianne Walker et al.
Biodiversity Conservation
Available Online

Walker Dianne

2002
A summary of the parameters recorded along each transect line during the Reef Check surveys in 2002 are shown in Tables 2, 3 and 4. A graphical summary of all sites combined is shown in Figures 4 - 7. An overall increase in coral cover was recorded, from 14 % in 2001 to 27 % in 2002. Figures 6 and 7 show a comparison of the mean benthic cover recorded during 2001 and 2002 surveys.
Governance of marine biodiversity in areas beyong national jurisdiction at the regional level: filling the gaps and strengthening the framework for action: case studies from the North-East Atlantic, Southern Ocean, Western Indian Ocean, South West Pacific and the Sargasso Sea
Biodiversity Conservation
Available Online

Druel, Elisabeth ... [et al.]

2012
Marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ) is currently facing increasing human pressures and growing threats. For these reasons, it is at the heart of numerous international discussions, including a process launched under the auspices of the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA). However, while discussions are ongoing at the international level, it is becoming increasingly apparent and relevant that action at the regional level is imperative to protect marine biodiversity in ABNJ for at least three reasons: because the regional level is today the most operational level; as progress made within regional frameworks could positively influence discussions at the international level; and if a multilateral agreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) on marine biodiversity in ABNJ is adopted in the future, it is likely to call for a role for the regional level. Therefore, the main issue raised in this study is the need to reinforce the regional level. In order to address this subject, the following study analyses five different regional frameworks, making the stake of the situation, highlighting the major gaps and identifying options to encompass them. The regions studied are the North-East Atlantic, the Southern Ocean, the Western Indian Ocean (WIO), the South West Pacific and the Wider Caribbean Region coupled with the Sargasso Sea.
Responding to the challenges of climate change in the Pacific Islands: management and technological imperatives
Climate Change Resilience, Biodiversity Conservation
Available Online

Nunn, Patrick D.

2009
The Pacific Islands are unique among the Earth’s inhabited environments. They are located in the world’s largest ocean, they are collectively large enough to have their own identity—environmental, cultural, and political—and yet small enough that they are often viewed as an unremarkable adjunct to most of the rest of the world’s landmasses in global issues of climate change
Incidents involving the IOPC Funds 2012
Available Online

International Oil Pollution Compensation Funds

2013

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