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Millennium development goals : Republic of Vanuatu report 2005; 2010
Biodiversity Conservation
Available Online

Government of Vanuatu

,

UNDP

2005
This Millennium Development Goals Report (MDGR) is designed to be a tool for awareness raising, advocacy, alliance building, and renewal of political commitments at the national level, as well as building capacity for monitoring and reporting on goals and targets. This MDGR is, therefore, primarily a public affairs document, especially since during its preparation there was limited consultation with the non state actors and the private sector as key partners in achieving the MDGs. As a living document, the MDGR will be revised periodically, based on consultation with development partners.
Millennium development goals : Cook islands national report
Biodiversity Conservation
Available Online

Government of the Cook Islands

2005
In terms of national aggregates, the Cook Islands have already achieved two of the Millennium Development Goals (MDG's): Goal 4 on Reducing Infant Mortality and Goal 5 on Maternal Health. With the exception of Goal 7 on environmental sustainability and an additional Goal 9 on Improving Governance, the Cook Islands is capable of achieving most of the other MDG's by the year 2015.
Voices of the Least Developed countries of Asia and the Pacific : achieving the Millennium Development Goals through a global partnership
Biodiversity Conservation
Available Online

Elsevier

,

UNDP

2005
Asia-Pacific is a region of contrasts. It has some of the fastest-growing economies of the world while, at the same time, the Least Developed Countries (LDCs) continue to face persistent challenges. As a whole,the region has made significant inroads into poverty reduction with progress toward the internationally agreed Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). China and India, together accounting for nearly 40 percent of the world's population and ranking among the fastest-growing countries, account for most of this progress, along with the "tiger" economies of East and South-East Asia. Due to the tyranny of averages, the relatively poor performance of the Asia-Pacific LDCs gets overshadowed. Only a more disaggregated appraisal reveals the far more limited gains in the LDCs1. Thus, the dynamism of Asia represents both a challenge and an opportunity. It could increase inequalities that contribute to growing tensions. It also could generate resources and opportunities. Attainment of the MDGs in Asia and the Pacific as a whole will be marked by the far more limited progress made by the 14 LDCs of the region.
The state of coral reef ecosystems of the Republic of the Marshall Islands : 2005 & 2008
Biodiversity Conservation
Available Online

Beger Maria

,

Jacobsen Dean

,

Keju Terry

,

Pinca Silvia

2005
The reefs of the Marshall Islands are among the most pristine in the Indo-Pacific, having suffered minimal damage from bleaching, destructive fishing techniques, and sedimentation. However, signs of unsustainable resource exploitation are apparent, including the earlier extirpation of the largest giant clams, and the ongoing reduction of reef shark, grouper, and Napoleon wrasse populations. In addition, localized outbreaks of crownof-thorns starfish (COTS) and coral disease, principally on the capital atoll of Majuro, are ongoing. Another concern is the growing, unregulated exploitation of reef fish for the local markets.
The state of coral reef ecosystems of the U.S. Pacific remote island areas : 2005 & 2008
Biodiversity Conservation
Available Online

Brainard Rusty et al.

2005
The U.S. Pacific Remote Island Areas (PRIAs) are nine sovereign Federal territories that straddle the equator in the central Pacific. All are single reef ecosystems that are a part of a large central Pacific biogeographic and geological province consisting mostly of ancient low reef islands and atolls (Figure 12.1; Stoddart, 1992). Six of the PRIAs are atolls or atoll reefs: Johnston Atoll (16?N, 169?W), Palmyra Atoll (5?53?N, 162?05?W), Kingman Reef (6?25?N, 162?23?W), which constitute the three northernmost of the U.S. Line Islands; Rose Atoll (14?S, 168?W), the easternmost of the Samoan Islands; Wake Atoll (20?N, 155?W), the northernmost of the Marshall Islands; and Midway Atoll (28?N, 177?W), near the northwestern end of the Hawaiian Archipelago. The remaining three PRIAs are low reef islands within one degree latitude of the equator: Jarvis Island (00?S, 160?W), in the central U.S. Line Islands, Howland Island (00?18?S, 160?01’W); and Baker Island (00?13?N, 176?38?W), the two northernmost of the U.S. Phoenix Islands. All except Wake and Johnston are National Wildlife Refuges (NWRs) administered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and all fall under cojurisdiction of the U.S. Department of Interior (DOI) and the U.S. Department of Commerce (DOC), except Johnston, which is managed by the U.S. Department of Defense, and Palmyra, which is under the joint jurisdiction of DOI, DOC, and The Nature Conservancy
Yasawa islands coral reef conservation project
Biodiversity Conservation
Available Online

Comley, James

2005
The shallow coastal zone of Fiji is comprised of three major, interrelated habitat types: marine algae and seagrass: large areas of mangroves; and extensive coral reefs. The marine resources include approximately 1000 coral reefs with representatives of all major reef types (Vuki et al„ 2000). Although marine biodiversity is lower than the 'coral triangle' of Indonesia, the Philippines, Papua New Guinea and northeastern Australia. Fiji does support approximately 200 species of coral (Veron. 2000). Furthermore it has been estimated that Fiji has approximately 1200 marine fish species (Vuki et al., 2000). Since taxonomic research in the country has been limited, further research will extend the known biodiversity of all marine taxa considerably.
Climate variability and change and their health effects in small island states: Information for adaptation planning in the health sector / Kristie L.Ebi, Nancy D. Lewis, Carlos F. Corvalan
Climate Change Resilience, Biodiversity Conservation
Available Online

Ebi, Kristie L

2005
Climate variability is the variation around the average climate, including seasonal variations as well as large-scale variations in atmospheric and ocean circulation such as the EI Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Climate change operates over decades or longer. Changes in climate occur as a result of internal variability within the climate system and external factors (natural and anthropogenic). Although climate is always changing, over the past 10,000 years it has been both relatively stable and warm.
SPC Pocket statistical summary 2005 = Resume statistique de poche / Statistics & Demography
Biodiversity Conservation

Secretariat of the Pacific Community

2005
Climate variability and change and their effects in small island states: information for adaptation planning in the health sector
Climate Change Resilience, Biodiversity Conservation
Available Online

Ebi, Kristie L

2005
Small island states are the countries likely to be most vulnerable to climate variability and long-term climate change, particularly extreme weather and climate events (such as cyclones, floods and droughts) and sea-level rise. Many small island states share characteristics that increase their vulnerability, these include their small sizes, isolation,limited fresh water and other natural resources, fragile economies, often dense populations,poorly developed infrastructures and limited financial and human resources. To understand better the potential health impacts of climate variability and change in small island states and to build capacity to cope with climate change through adaptation planning, a series of workshops and a conference were organized by the World Health Organization (WHO) in partnership with the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)(WHO 2000; Aron et al. 2003; WHO 2003). This report synthesizes the information presented and identifies key recommendations for improving the health sector’s capacity to anticipate and prepare for climate variability and change. There is ample evidence that many small island states currently are vulnerable to climate variability. Climate change projections increase the level of concern because models suggest that small island states will experience not only warmer temperatures, but also increased climate variability. The consequences of increased climate variability are likely to be related to changes in rainfall, soil moisture budgets, prevailing winds (speed and direction), regional and local sea levels and patterns of wave action. El Niño events are likely to strengthen the short-term and inter annual variations. In addition, global mean sea level is projected to increase by0.09 m to 0.88 m by 2100. To understand better the potential human health consequences o fthese projected changes, the following questions were addressed
Yasawa island coral reef conservation project
Biodiversity Conservation

Comley James

,

Crabbe Matthew

,

Rainess Peter

,

Tuveng Lene

2005

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