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Elasmobranch captures in the Fijian pelagic longline fishery

Biodiversity Conservation

Gilman, Eric

Piovano, Susanna

1. Pelagic longline fisheries for relatively fecund tuna and tuna-like species can have large adverse effects on incidentally caught species with low-fecundity, including elasmobranchs. 2. Analyses of observer programme data from the Fiji longline fishery from 2011 to 2014 were conducted to characterize the shark and ray catch composition and identify factors that significantly explained standardized catch rates. Catch data were fitted to generalized linear models to identify potentially significant explanatory variables. 3. With a nominal catch rate of 0.610 elasmobranchs per 1000 hooks, a total of 27 species of elasmobranchs were captured, 48% of which are categorized as Threatened under the IUCN Red List. Sharks and rays made up 2.4% and 1.4%, respectively, of total fish catch. Blue sharks and pelagic stingrays accounted for 51% and 99% of caught sharks and rays, respectively. 4. There was near elimination of shark lines, branchlines set at or near the sea surface via attachment directly to floats, after 2011. 5. Of caught elasmobranchs, 35% were finned, 11% had the entire carcass retained, and the remainder was released alive or discarded dead. Finning of elasmobranchs listed in CITES Appendix II was not observed in 2014. 6. There were significantly higher standardized shark and ray catch rates on narrower J-shaped hooks than on wider circle hooks. Based on findings from previous studies on single factor effects of hook width and shape, the smaller minimum width of the J-shaped hooks may have caused the higher shark and ray catch rates. For sharks, the effect of hook width may have exceeded the effect of hook shape, where small increases in shark catch rates have been observed on circle vs J-shaped hooks. 7. Shark and ray standardized catch rates were lowest in the latter half of the year. Focusing effort during the second half of the year could reduce elasmobranch catch rates.

fiji

Griffith ESRAM Team - Methodology & Results-to-date (Powerpoint presentation)

Climate Change Resilience, Biodiversity Conservation

Available Online

Griffith ESRAM Team

Powerpoint presentation on Ecosystem and Socio-economic Resilience Analysis and Mapping (ESRAM) Griffith University

Pacific Islands Region: Ecosystem Approach Critical for Climate Change Adaptation

Climate Change Resilience, Biodiversity Conservation

Available Online

Chape, Stuart

Presentation on Pacific Islands Region: Ecosystem Approach Critical for Climate Change Adaptation

Ecosystem-based Adaptation (Powerpoint presentation)

Biodiversity Conservation

Available Online

Timmermans, Herman

Powerpoint presentation on Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EBA) in the Pacific

Rays of the world

Biodiversity Conservation

Last, Peter R. (ed.)

Marshall, Lindsay J. (ill.)

Naylor, Gavin J.P. (ed.)

Stehmann, Matthias F.W. (ed.)

Séret, Bernard (ed.)

White, William T. (ed.)

de Carvalho, Marcelo R. (ed.)

"This book is the first complete pictorial atlas of the world's ray fauna. It also provides general identifying features and distributional information about this iconic, but surprisingly poorly known, group of fishes"

Pacific Islands Roundtable for Nature Conservation (PIRT) : Heads of Organizations Planning Meeting Minutes - 30 March 2016

Biodiversity Conservation

Available Online

Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP)

The Pacific Islands Roundtable for Nature Conservation (PIRT) Planning Meeting was convened in Suva on the 30th of March 2016. The main objective of the Planning Meeting was to discuss priority activities of PIRT and plan towards key events and activities commencing in 2016 and early 2017. The meeting was attended by: Taholo Kami (Chair, IUCN), Stuart Chape (SPREP,) Easter Galuvao (SPREP), Etika Rupeni (IUCN), Scott Radway (SeaWeb), Crissy Canlas (SeaWeb), Bridget Kennedy (CI), Jan Steffen (GIZ-MACBIO), Donald Stewart (Birdlife), Mark OBrien (Birdlife), Eleni Tokaduadua (DOE-Fiji), Aminiasi Qareqare (DOE-Fiji), Prof. Elizabeth Holland (USP), Sangeeta Mangubhai (WCS) and Payal Maharaj (SPREP).

Devil Rays in Dangerous Decline

Biodiversity Conservation

Available Online

SPREP

Factsheet on mobula rays and their worldwide decline.

Mainstreaming Ecosystem Services and Biodiversity into Agricultural Production and Management in the Pacific Islands - Technical guidance document

Biodiversity Conservation

Available Online

FAO

The international community is increasingly aware of the link between biodiversity and sustainable development and its direct impact on wealth, health and well-being. Biodiversity is the origin of all crops and domesticated livestock. It is also the source of vital ecosystem services and functions, including soil conservation, water cycling, pollination, pest and disease regulation, carbon sequestration and nitrogen fixation. Biodiversity and the ecosystem services it supports are thus key to nutritional diversity and to agricultural productivity and resilience. The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 20112020 and its 20 Aichi Biodiversity Targets provide a framework for countries to develop national targets and policies for sustaining biodiversity for a healthy planet. To meet rising global food demands, agricultural systems need to produce greater quantities of more diverse and nutritious food in a sustainable way. This progress can and must be achieved without driving biodiversity loss. It must come through gains in the efficiency of resource use, through sustainable intensification and a landscape perspective in agricultural production. By contributing to the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, agriculture will be a key driver for eliminating poverty, improving human health and providing energy, food and clean water for all while maintaining natural ecosystems.

Fiji Post-Disaster Needs Assessment : Tropical Cyclone Winston, February 20, 2016

Biodiversity Conservation

Available Online

Ester, Simone

On Saturday February 20, 2016, Tropical Cyclone (TC) Winston, an extremely destructive Category 5 cyclone, struck Fiji. TC Winston was the first Category 5 cyclone to directly impact Fiji and the most intense cyclone on record to affect the country.1 Fijis Eastern Division was the first to be struck, with Koro, Ovalau and Taveuni Islands sustaining severe damage. The cyclone swept across Fijis islands, reaching its peak strength shortly before making landfall on the countrys largest island, Viti Levu. Maximum average wind speeds reached 233km/hour and wind gusts peaked at around 306km/hour, making Winston one of the most powerful cyclones ever recorded in the Southern Hemisphere.2 In addition to the extreme wind speeds, many islands were flooded by storm surges, including Koro Island and the southern coast of Fijis secondlargest island, Vanua Levu, which was inundated almost 200 meters inland in some areas. Following TC Winstons passage from Fiji, reports emerged of widespread damage and destruction, with the cyclone impacting approximately 540,400 people, equivalent to 62 percent of the countrys total population.3 The storm brought down the power and communications systems linking the islands, with approximately 80 percent of the nations population losing power, including the entire island of Vanua Levu, and 44 fatalities were subsequently confirmed. Entire communities were destroyed and approximately 40,000 people required immediate assistance following the cyclone.4 30,369 houses, 495 schools and 88 health clinics and medical facilities were damaged or destroyed. In addition, the cyclone destroyed crops on a large scale and compromised the livelihoods of almost 60 percent of Fijis population.

fiji

Kiribati National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plan 2016-2020

Biodiversity Conservation

Available Online

Government of the Republic of Kiribati

Biodiversity in Kiribati has always been challenged economically, politically, socially and even judicially. Capacity constraints emanating from limited financial and human resources, limited technical capacity, limited scientific based data and poor monitoring and evaluation of the progress of the national biodiversity action plans have undermined the countrys effort to protect and conserve biodiversity effectively. As a nation with very limited resources, Kiribati cannot afford to sit back and allow the serious degradation to continue.

kiribati

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