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A critical tool in this endeavour is the application of the mitigation hierarchy, a systematic approach to avoiding, minimizing, and compensating for environmental impacts. Complementing this, the IFC's Performance Standards provide a comprehensive framework for managing and mitigating social and environmental impacts.

A circular economy approach seeks to replace the 'take-make-waste' linear model with a circular model, rethinking how we produce, consume and dispose resources.

The impact of waste and pollution is taking its toll on the health of communities, degrading natural ecosystems, threatening food security, impeding resilience to climate change, and adversely impacting social and economic development of countries in the region.

This guide introduces environmental indicators and provides an overview of SPREP’S core indicators for Pacific island countries. This document explains the development and use of environmental indicators in Part 1 and provides a summary of each of the 34 ‘core’ indicators in Part 2.

SEA by its nature, covers a wider range of activities. This is a key difference between EIA and SEA with the latter usually applied to a wider area and often over a longer time span than the EIS of projects.