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Samoa: supporting the Samoan schoolnet and community access pilot project.

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This presents the final report for the Asian Development Bank TA 4305-SAM - Supporting the Samoa SchoolNet and Community Access Pilot Project (the TA). The three key outputs for the TA are as follows:

samoa

Land use history, hurricane disturbance, and the fate of introduced species in a subtropical wet forest in Puerto Rico

Biodiversity Conservation, BRB

Available Online

Lugo, Ariel E.

Thomlinson, John

Thompson, Jill

Tropical forests are suffering from increasing intensities and frequency of disturbances. As a result, non-native species accidentally introduced or intentionally planted for farming, plantations, and ornamental purposes may spread and potentially invade undisturbed native forest. It is not known if these introduced species will become invasive, as a result of recurrent natural disturbances such as hurricanes. Using data from three censuses (spanning 15 years) of a 16-ha subtropical wet forest plot, we investigated the impact of two hurricanes on populations of plant species that were planted in farms and plantations that were then abandoned and from the natural spread of species introduced into Puerto Rico in the past. The populations of four species (Citrus paradis, Mangifera indica, Musa sp., and Simarouba glauca) changed little over time. Six species (Artocarpus altilis, Calophyllum calaba, Genipa americana, Hibiscus pernambucensis, Syzygium jambos, and Swietenia macrophylla) declined between the first two censuses after Hurricane Hugo, then increased again in Census 3 after Hurricane Georges. Spathodea campanulata gradually increased from census to census, while Coffea arabica declined. These introduced species represent only a small part of the forest basal area and few show signs of increasing over time. The number of stems per plant, new recruits, and the growth rates of these introduced species were within the ranges of those for native plant species. The mortality rates over both census intervals were significantly lower for introduced species ( 5% year?1) than for native ones (15% year?1). Many new recruits established after Hurricane Hugo (prior to this study) had opened the forest canopy and these high mortality rates reflect their death as the canopy recovered. Only Swietenia macrophylla and Syzygium jambos showed an increase in stem numbers in the closed canopy area of forest that had suffered limited human disturbance in the past. A future increase in frequency of disturbance may enable greater stem numbers of introduced species to establish, while lower-mortality rates compared to native species, may allow them to persist during inter-hurricane intervals. An increase in the population of introduced species, especially for those that grow into large trees, may have an impact on this tropical forest in the future.

Pacific future environment leaders forum, 2-4 April, 2007, Apia Samoa : toolkit

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The Forum is the first phase of a 12 month programme for young people working to promote environmental sustainability in the Pacific

Papua New Guinea information on implementation of the Programme of Work on protected areas

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Department of Environment and Conservation

Papua New Guinea information on implementation of the Programme of Work on protected areas - Evaluation matrix for the review of the implementation of the programme of work on protected areas.

papua new guinea

Bikini Atoll coral biodiversity resilience five decades after nuclear testing

Biodiversity Conservation

Available Online

Beger, Maria

Pinca, Silvia

Richards, Zoe T.

Wallace, Carden

Five decades after a series of nuclear tests began, we provide evidence that 70% of the Bikini Atoll zooxanthellate coral assemblage is resilient to large-scale anthropogenic disturbance. Species composition in 2002 was assessed and compared to that seen prior to nuclear testing. A total of 183 scleractinian coral species was recorded, compared to 126 species recorded in the previous study (excluding synonomies, 148 including synonomies). We found that 42 coral species may be locally extinct at Bikini. Fourteen of these losses may be pseudo-losses due to inconsistent taxonomy between the two studies or insufficient sampling in the second study, however 28 species appear to represent genuine losses. Of these losses, 16 species are obligate lagoonal specialists and 12 have wider habitat compatibility. Twelve species are recorded from Bikini for the first time. We suggest the highly diverse Rongelap Atoll to the east of Bikini may have contributed larval propagules to facilitate the partial resilience of coral biodiversity in the absence of additional anthropogenic threats.

Hu i kakae long basket? Matrilineal land tenure in Vanuatu : Case studies of Raga and South Efate

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Naupa, Anna

Simo, Joel

Present on Hu i kakae long basket? Matrilineal land tenure in Vanuatu : Case studies of Raga and South Efate at the SPC/SPREP Sustainable Land Management Conference in Fiji, 1-4 October 2007

vanuatu

Planning and Urban Management (Environmental Impact Assessment) Regulations 2007

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Government of Samoa

Planning and Urban Management (Environmental Impact Assessment) Regulations 2007

Climate risk profile for Samoa

Climate Change Resilience

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Young, Wairarapa J.

The likelihood (i.e. probability) components of climate-related risks in Samoa are evaluated for both present day and future conditions. Pr esent day conditions are described using data for Apia and, for some parameters, Afiamalu. Anticipated changes over time reflect the influence of global warming. The risks evaluated are extreme rainfall events (both six-hourly and daily), drought, high sea levels, extreme winds and extreme high air and water temperatures. Projections of future climate-related risk are based on the output of global climate models, for a range of emission scenarios. All the likeliho od components of the climate-related risks show increases as a result of global warming, though for some the increases are small relative to the uncertainties. Best estimates of long term, systematic change s in the average climate for Samoa indicate that by 2050 sea level is likely to have incr eased by 36 cm, rainfall by 1.2%, extreme wind gusts by 7% and maximum temperatures by 0.7 C.

Status and Genetic Structure of Nesting Populations of Leatherback Turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) in the Western Pacific

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Ambio, Levi

Bakaressy, Jacob

Benson, Scott R.

Dutton, Peter H.

Hitipeuw, Creusa

Petro, George

Pita, John

Rei, Vagi

Zein, Mohammad

A group of researchers, managers and tribal leaders with extensive local knowledge from Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu and Papua, Indonesia, provided new information on the status of leatherback nesting populations in the western Pacific Ocean. Twenty-eight nesting sites were identified, of which 21 were previously unknown or poorly described. Although data are still incomplete, we estimate a total of ca. 5000-9200 nests currently laid at 4 sites along the northwest coast (Bird's Head Peninsula) of Papua, Indonesia. Genetic analysis by using mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid sequences identified a total of 6 haplotypes among the 106 samples analysed for Solomon Islands, Papua and Papua New Guinea, including a unique common haplotype that is only found in these western Pacific populations. There was no significant difference in haplotype that is only found in these western Pacific populations. There was no significant difference in haplotype frequencies among these rookeries, which suggests that they represent a metapopulation composed of a single genetic rock. Further work is needed to define the demographic structure within this metapopulation.

National Policy of Combating Climate Change 2007

Climate Change Resilience, Biodiversity Conservation

Available Online

MNRE/Government of Samoa

This policy outlines Samoa's response to climate change as identified in the 1993 National Environment and Development Management Strategies (NEMS). It provides a national framework to mitigate the effects of climate change and adapt to its impacts in an effective and sustainable manner.

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