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Most countries have met their reductions in methyl bromide targets under the Montreal Protocol by adoption of alternative fumigants in the soil sector, such as fumigant mixtures containing chloropicrin or by applying consecutive treatments with other fumigants to increase their reliability. Adoption of transition strategies that reduce the rate of MB used per unit area of soil such as by using MB/chloropicrin mixtures and/or allow reduced rates of MB application by adoption of barrier films (e.g. VIF) have also been used widely. Most applications granted Critical Use Exemptions at the EMOP use these transition strategies