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Climate change presents the human race with profound choices that go beyond the current debate over new technologies, economic, and social costs and even concerns over environmental impacts. UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon has called climate change the “moral imperative and the defining issue of our era.” Increasingly, climate change is being viewed as an ethical issue and a matter of justice. And, said the Secretary General, “We have an ethical obligation to right this injustice. We have a duty to protect the most vulnerable

Adaptation is necessary for reducing the impacts of climate change on ecosystems and societies. Various pertinent questions arise when planning and implementing adaptation in any system: What will be the impacts of climate change? To what extent is the system vulnerable? Who is vulnerable? What coping strategies exist? How can adaptation decrease impacts? What can we do to adapt? What institutional support is available to enhance adaptation? How to develop adaptation policies? (UNFCCC 2004). Many methods and tools are available to help scientists or practitioners address these questions.