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Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) offers a systematic approach to address the sustainable development, allocation and monitoring of water resources for Pacific island Countries (PICs). The key concept of IWRM is that it provides a framework to integrate societal, economic and environmental considerations in water resource management. It recognises that all water use is interdependent and therefore should be managed in an integrated manner.

A community of living things, along with its surroundings, is referred to as an ecosystem. An ecosystem often takes its name from the most common, or most obvious, thing present. The parrotfish shown in Figure 1.1, for example, is said to be part of the coral reef ecosystem.