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This paper presents an annotated inventory of the alien social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae, Vespinae) of the South Pacific Oceanic islands, excluding Australia and Papua New Guinea. Here we include information on invasive social wasp distribution, known introductions and establishment dates, and notes on their invasive ecology. Introduced social wasps in the South Pacific consist of 11 species belonging to the Polistinae (Polistes: n = 7) and Vespinae (Dolichovespula: n = 1; Vespa: n = 1; Vespula: n = 2), nine of which are known to have established across the Pacific. Introduced species were recorded in nine countries and territories (Cook Islands, Easter Island, French Polynesia, Fiji, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Niue, Samoa, and Tonga), with the earliest records having happened between the 19th century and the present day. We also provide novel commentary on the ongoing and recently detected incursion of Vespa velutina (an established and impactful invasive species in Europe) into New Zealand. This inventory provides a resource to further understand the invasion biology of social insects and to scaffold risk modelling and management efforts for a taxon of impactful invasive predators in a severely understudied area.

Humanity has altered the planet in many detrimental ways, from the warming of our climate to the ever-diminishing wildernesses on land and in the sea. But in such a complex system as the Earth, science must always keep searching – for both solutions to problems already identified and new threats coming our way. UNEP’s Frontiers Report does this by identifying and exploring areas of emerging or ongoing environmental concern. The 2022 edition delves into three issues: noise pollution in cities, the growing threat of wildfires and shifts in seasonal events – such as flowering, migration and hibernation, an area of study known as phenology.

Humanity is waging war on nature. This is senseless and suicidal. The consequences of our recklessness are already apparent in human suffering, towering economic losses and the accelerating erosion of life on Earth. This report represents a scientific blueprint for howclimate change, biodiversity loss and pollution can be tackled jointly within the framework of the Sustainable Development Goals. The report is a synthesis based on evidence from global environmental assessments.

PACC reports

Reports from the PACC project