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The Pacific Islands Applied Geoscience Commission (SOPAC) is currently executing the project Reducing Vulnerability in Pacific ACP States with funding from the European Development Fund (EDF). The project has the objective to reduce Pacific ACP States' vulnerability to natural disasters affecting their coasts through the development of an integrated planning and management system which targets: hazard mitigation and risk assessment; alternative sources of aggregates for construction; and water resources and sanitation. Major activities undertaken through this project with participating countries are: -assessment of aggregate resource supplies to mitigate the impact of unsustainable aggregate mining from the coastline; -development of bathymetric maps, 3D bathymetric and hydrodynamic models spatial databases relating to resource use, exploration and survey, and vulnerability to disasters; and -investigating and raising awareness about coastal processes.

The mission was undertaken as an integral part of the Key Result Area 2 (Water) contribution to the SOPAC EU EDF8/9 Project "Reducing Vulnerability of Pacific ACP States" with the objective of field surveying the current asset condition status of domestic and community rainwater harvesting infrastructure. Although a little over eight field survey days were achieved on-island, daily progress was compromised by various difficulties, particularly the limited availability of diesel fuel on-island which impacted both ease of transportation and availability of electricity and water. Despite these constraints, two field survey teams visited a total of 308 properties within the districts of Buada, Yaren, Meneng, Anibare and ljuw, initiating a comprehensive database which can either be fully completed within the remaining island districts at a future date, or used with some confidence as a statistically representative sample for forward interpolation of "whole-of- island" conditions.

The mission was undertaken as an integral part of the Key Result Area 2 (Water) contribution to the SOPAC EU EDF8/9 Project"Reducing Vulnerability of Pacific ACP States" with the objective of field surveying the current asset condition status of domestic and community rainwater harvesting infrastructure. Although a little over eight field survey days were achieved on-island, daily progress was compromised by various difficulties, particularly the limited availability of diesel fuel on-island which impacted both ease of transportation and availability of electricity and water. Despite these constraints, two field survey teams visited a total of 308 properties within the districts of Buada, Yaren, Meneng, Anibare and ljuw, initiating a comprehensive database which can either be fully completed within the remaining island districts at a future date, or used with some confidence as a statistically representative sample for forward interpolation of "whole-of- island" conditions.

The Government of Niue (GoN) is restructuring its Public Service which is a timely opportunity to integrate water management functions adopting the IWRM approach and principles in lieu of the current sectoral approach adopted over the last 3-4 decades. This will be an opportunity to integrate NGOs, civil society and all stakeholders in the process of water and wastewater management. The strengthening of the national capacity will enhance efficiency to deliver the required services by the public institutions, but also the awareness of the community on the sustainable use of water as a finite natural resource.

These goals are a big challenge to small Pacific Islands Countries with their small land masses, remote locations and small but rapidly growing populations making them vulnerable. Vanuatu shares these and other challenges to sustainable development. In Vanuatu real GDP per capita is still lower than in the 1980s, infrastructure is poorly developed, the population is rapidly growing at 2.6% per year, water resources are declining and in many places contaminated, and household water supplies are inadequate or absent. The country's capital and human resources are stretched and a better forward is needed.

Tuvalu is a Pacific Island country of 9 low-lying coral atolls, humid tropical climate and high rainfall, with limited land area, high mean population densities, and an Environmental Vulnerability Index of 3.6. Tuvalu has a GDP per capita of US$1,681. 30% of GDP is attributable to government wages, with 40% from public enterprises. The private sector contributes approximately 30% of GDP of which half is from external remittances.

The economic and social wellbeing of Pacific Island Countries are dependent upon the quality and quantity of their freshwater. Constrained by their relative small size, natural vulnerability, and limited human and financial resource base, Pacific Small Island Developing States face specific challenges to effectively manage their water resources.

The Solomon Islands is characterised by scattered islands that vary considerably in size, physical and hydrologic characteristics. The types of islands range from high volcanic to tiny low coral atolls. The higher islands have river systems whilst the low coral atolls have no natural surface water systems and are completely dependent upon rainwater catchments and groundwater.

The structure of this diagnostic report follows the outline of the Pacific Regional Action Plan on sustainable Water Management (Pacific RAP) arranged over six thematic areas of water resources management, island vulnerability, awareness, technology, institutional arrangements and financing, preceded by a general chapter on relevant background information on Tonga.

Small Pacific Island countries (PIC) rely heavily on the freshwater resources. However, due to the small land masses of many PICs, most of the freshwater sources are under pressure from overuse and/or pollution leading to deteriorating water quality due to urbanisation, economic development, and population growth. The pollution of freshwater resources also lend a hand to the pollution of marine ecosystems, which many Pacific Islanders rely on heavily for sustenance. Urbanisation and population increases weigh heavily on wastewater disposal, which impact both fresh and marine water resources.