Values of protected landscapes and seascapes: Protected landscapes and cultural and spiritual values

Abstract

Protected landscapes and seascapes would not exist without the deeply rooted cultural and spiritual values held by the people that once inhabited these places and who very often continue to care for them. In fact, protected landscapes and seascapes could be seen as one of the most striking outward manifestations of the intangible values inherent in cultural heritage. Unlike other values, such as agro biodiversity or ecosystem services, which are relevant to many protected landscapes, cultural and spiritual values are fundamental in the very strictest sense of the word.