THE POPULATION BIOLOGY OF THE BLACK-FOOTED ALBATROSS IN RELATION TO MORTALITY CAUSED BY LONGLINE FISHING

CONTENTS: 1. INTRODUCTION, 2. OBJECTIVES AND ACTIVITIES OF THE WORKSHOP, 2. NATURAL HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION, 2. DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS AND MOLTING, 3. REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY, 5. BREEDING DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT, 5. FEEDING AND DIET, 6. BEHAVIOR, 11. LOCOMOTION, 12. DISTRIBUTION OF BLACK FOOTED ALBATROSSES AT SEA, 13. SATELLITE TRACKING OF INDIVIDUAL BIRDS, 19. POPULATION SIZE AND TRENDS, 23. BLACK FOOTED ALBATROSS POPULATION HISTORY ON TORISHIMA, 25. BLACK FOOTED ALBATROSS POPULATION HISTORY IN THE NWHI, 25. PAST SCIENTIFIC STUDIES, 27. METHODOLOGY, 28. NORTHWESTERN HAWAIIAN ISLANDS HISTORY, 28. KURE ATOLL, 29. MIKWAY ATOLL, 30. PEARL AND HERMES REEF, 30. LISIANSKI ISLAND, 30. LAYSAN ISLAND, 31. FRENCH FRIGATE SHOALS, 32. NECKER, NIHOA AND KAULA ISLANDS, 40. DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION OF BLACKFOOTED ALBATROSS POPULATION ON MIDWAY ATOLL, 40. HISTORY OF MARKED POPULATIONS OF BLACK FOOTED ALBATROSS ON NWHI, 40, LIFE HISTORY AND SURVIVAL DATA FROM THE FUEL FARM STUDY AREA, SAND ISLAND, MIDWAY ATOLL, 43. ANNUAL TURNOVER, 43. MATE RETENTION, 43.NESTING SEASONS MISSED AFTER LOSS OF MATE, 44. DISTANCE A NEST WAS MOVED FROM YEAR TO YEAR, 45. ORIGIN OF THE NESTING POPULATION, 45. COMPOSITION OF THE BREEDING POPULATION, 47. SURVIVAL OF ADULTS, 47. SURVIVAL OF BLACK FOOTED ALBATROSS CHICKS IN THEIR FIRST FIVE YEARS, 49. CHARACTERIZATION OF POPULATION DYNAMICS AND ESTIMATES OF POPULATION PARAMETERS, 49. ADULT SURVIVAL, 50. JUVENILE SURVIVAL, 50. PROPORTION OF ADULT POPULATION BREEDING, 50. BREEDING SUCCESS, 51. AGE OF FIRST BREEDING, 51. ESTIMATING THE TOTAL NUMBER OF BLACK FOOTED ALBATROSSES, 52. BLACK FO9OTED ALBATROSS POPULATION MODELING, 57. PRELIMINARY CONCLUSIONS FROM POPULATION MODELING, 58. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE MODELING, 58. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ESTIMATING DEMOGRAPHIC PARAMETERS AND ABUNDANCE INDICES, 61. MORTALITY OF BLACK FOOTED ALBATROSS IN NORTH PACIFIC FISHERIES, 61. LONGLINE FISHERIES. 61. DEMERSAL LONGLINE FISHERIES, 64. HAWAII PELAGIC LONGLINE FISHERY, 65. OTHER HIGH SEAS PELAGIC LONGLINE FISHERIES, 67. PELAGIC LONGLINE FISHERIES IN COASTAL AND INSHORE WATERS, 67. GILL NET FISHERIES, 67. HIGH SEAS DRIFTNET FISHERIES, 68. GILLNET FISHERIES IN COASTAL AND INSHORE WATERS, 68. OTHER FISHERIES, 69. DESIGNING A MONITORING SCHEME TO DETERMINE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SEABIRD AVOIDANCE MEASURES, 69. ESTIMATING SEABIRD BYCATCH, 69. SEABIRD BYCATCH DATA AS COLLECTED BY OBSERVERS ONBOARD THE FISHING VESSEL, 71. ESTIMATION OF TOTAL INCIDENTAL CATCH, 72. DESIGNING A FIELD BASED MONITORING PROGRAM, 72. DECISIONS ON WHAT TO MONITOR AND BASIC PROGRAM DESIGN, 73. POPULATION SIZE, 73. ADULT SURVIVAL, 73. AGE AT FIRST BREEDING, 74. BREEDING FREQUENCY, 74. BREEDING SUCCESS, 74. JUVENILE SURVIVAL, 74. GENETIC STUDIES, 75. RECOMMENDATIONS, 76. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS, 77. REFERENCES, 89. LIST OF WORKSHOP PARTICIPANTS, 94. BLACK FOOTED ALBATROSS BREEDING SUCCESS IN THE NORTHWESTERN, 99. CHRONOLOGY FOR THE NORTHWESTERN HAWAIIAN ISLANDS, 99. KURE ATOLL, 101. MIDWAY ATOLL, 104. PEARL AND HERMES REEF, 107. LISIANSKI ISLAND, 110. LAYSAN ISLAND, 112. FRENCH FRIGATE SHOALS, 118. NECKER ISLAND, 119. NIHOA ISLAND, 120. KAULA ISLAND