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The El Niño persists, although a steady weakening trend is evident in its oceanic indicators. Climate models indicate sea surface temperatures in the central tropical Pacific are expected to continue declining and are forecast to return to ENSO-neutral in the southern hemisphere autumn 2024. Atmospheric indicators are mixed but are consistent with a steadily weakening El Niño. Cloudiness near the equatorial Date Line has decreased over the last fortnight, returning to the climatological average. Short term pressure patterns are characteristic of an El Niño state, but when averaged over 60- and 90- days they are more typical of ENSO-neutral. Temporary fluctuations of ENSO atmospheric indicators are common during summer and are not an indication of El Niño strength.

El Niño persists, although a steady weakening trend is evident in its oceanic indicators. Climate models indicate sea surface temperatures in the central tropical Pacific are expected to continue declining and are forecast to return to ENSO-neutral in the southern hemisphere autumn 2024. Atmospheric indicators are mixed but are consistent with a steadily weakening El Niño. Cloudiness near the equatorial Date Line has decreased over the last fortnight, returning to the climatological average.

The El Niño continues in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Model forecasts and observations indicate sea surface temperatures in the central tropical Pacific have peaked and are now declining.

The El Niño continues in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Model forecasts and observations indicate sea surface temperatures in the central tropical Pacific have peaked and are now declining. Sea surface temperatures in the tropical Pacific are expected to return to neutral El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) levels in the southern hemisphere autumn 2024. Most atmospheric indicators are close to normal levels, although trade winds have temporarily weakened in line with the passage of the Madden-Julian Oscillation through the region.

The El Niño continues in the tropical Pacific. Model forecasts indicate the warmth of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) is likely at or near its peak, with SSTs expected to remain above El Niño thresholds into the southern hemisphere au-tumn 2024. Some atmospheric indicators have weakened over the past three weeks, and the SOI is currently neutral

The El Niño event continues in the tropical Pacific. Sea surface temperatures (SSTs) for December 2023 were higher than average across the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. The extent and magnitude of warm anomalies across the equatorial Pacific has decreased compared with November.

El Niño continues in the tropical Pacific. Higher than average sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the tropical Pacific persist above El Niño thresholds, with warmer water beneath the surface to support that at the surface. In the atmos-phere, cloud, wind and pressure patterns are consistent with El Niño.

Pacific Sea Surface Temperatures (SSTs) for November 2023 showed a mature El Niño pattern. Across much of the tropical Pacific between 10°S and 10°N, SSTs were more than 0.8°C above the long-term average, increasing to nearly 3°C above average east of the Date Line.

El Niño continues in the tropical Pacific. Higher than average sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the tropical Pacific persist above El Niño thresholds, with warmer water beneath the surface to support that at the surface. In the atmos-phere, cloud, wind and pressure patterns are consistent with El Niño.

Sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the tropical Pacific are exceeding El Niño thresholds and have Oceanic indicators firmly exhibit an El Niño state. Central and eastern Pacific sea surface temperatures (SSTs) continue to exceed El Niño thresholds. Models indicate further warming of the central to eastern Pacific is likely.