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Recovery of introduced Pacific rats following a failed eradication attempt on subtropical Henderson Island, South Pacific Ocean

Biodiversity Conservation, BRB

Available Online

Bond, A.L.

Churchyard, T.

Cuthbert, R.J.

Duffi eld, N.

Havery, S.

Kelly, J.

Lavers, J.L.

McClelland, G.T.W.

Oppel S.

Proud, T.

Torr, N.

Vickery, J.A.

Rodent eradications in tropical environments are often more challenging and less successful than those in temperate environments. Reduced seasonality and the lack of a defined annual resource pulse influence rodent population dynamics differently than the well-defined annual cycles on temperate islands, so an understanding of rodent ecology and population dynamics is important to maximise the chances of eradication success in the tropics. Here, we report on the recovery of a Pacific rat (Rattus exulans) population on Henderson Island, South Pacific Ocean, following a failed eradication operation in 2011. We assessed changes in the rat population using capture rates from snap-trapping and investigated seasonality by using capture rates from live-trapping. Following the failed eradication operation in 2011, rat populations increased rapidly with annual per capita growth rates, r, of 0.485.95, increasing from 6080 individuals to two-thirds of the pre-eradication abundance within two years, before decreasing (r = -0.25 -0.20), presumably as the population fluctuated around its carrying capacity. The long-term changes in rat abundance may, however, be confounded by short-term fluctuations: four years after the eradication attempt we observed significant variation in rat trapping rates among months on the plateau, ranging from 36.6 rats per 100 corrected trap-nights in mid-June to 12.6 in late August. Based on mark-recapture, we also estimated rat density fluctuations in the embayment forest between 20.4 and 42.9 rats ha-1 within one month in 2015, and a much lower rat density on the coral plateau fluctuating between 0.76 and 6.08 rats ha-1 in the span of two months. The causes for the short-term density fluctuations are poorly understood, but as eradication operations on tropical and subtropical islands become more frequent, it will be increasingly important to understand the behaviour and ecology of the invasive species targeted to identify times that maximise eradication success.

Traditional knowledge of weather and climate in the Pacific.

Climate Change Resilience

Available Online

Increasing Community Resilience to Climate Extremes and Natural Disasters. By closely observing their local environment, communities in the Pacific have developed skills that enable them to build coping strategies for extreme weather and climate events. They are able to make their own predictions for weather and climate variables based on traditional knowledge that has evolved through observation and experience over a considerable period of time.

Using expert Knowledge and Field Surveys to Guide Management of an Invasive Alien Palm in a Pacific Island Lowland Rainforest

Biodiversity Conservation, BRB

Available Online

Boehmer, H.J.

Dyer, M.J.B.

Keppel, G.

Tuiwawa, M.

Vido, S.

Watling, D.

Invasive alien ornamental plants are a global problem, especially on oceanic islands, and can have severe impacts on native biodiversity. Pinanga coronata, is an ornamental palm tree that can form mono-dominant stands in its native habitat and is widely cultivated throughout the tropics. Here we investigate the introduction, spread, impact and management of this invasive palm in the Fiji Islands, using extensive discussions with local experts and ?eld surveys. Pinanga coronata was introduced in the 1970s to the Colo-i-Suva area, eastern Viti Levu island, Fiji´s principal island, and has since become invasive in mahogany plantations and lowland rainforest. It has also been introduced and is becoming invasive on the western side of that island. However, the distribution of P. coronata remains geographically limited to the immediate vicinity of introduction sites but it is rapidly spreading. In each location, the species has formed mono-dominant stands in the understorey and appears to be displacing native plant species, as suggested by a negative correlation of its abundance with that of native tree ferns. This highlights the need for rapid control of P. coronata in Fiji. Local experts state management should involve manual removal of seedlings and saplings, killing of adult palms by injection of herbicide, and education and legislation to prevent the further spread of the species. Based on these recommendations and ?eld data, management actions to control P. coronata are proposed and steps to develop these into a management plan are discussed. Given P. coronata threatens native biodiversity in Fiji and has the potential to invade other rainforest ecosystems in the tropics, proposed management approaches are urgent and relevant for other tropical countries.

Protected area short courses in Australia, Asia and the Pacific: training issues, needs and recommendations.

Available Online

Chapple, Rosalie

Landscape conservation, and management of protected areas in particular, needs leadership, knowledge, practical skills, science, innovation, creativity and collaboration.

Description of the action - Pacific-EU waste management programme - PacWaste Plus.

Available Online

Poor waste management and inadequate control over highly polluting activities pose risks to the overall economic base of all Pacific African Caribbean Pacific (PACP) countries primarily reliant on tourism, agriculture and fishery for their revenue

National Environmental Management Strategy (NEMS) for Pacific island countries and territories (brochure)

Available Online

PROE

NEMS is SPREP's Environmental Monitoring and governance (EMG) Programme provides technical support in collaboration with Member countries' environmental agencies.

The IUCN World Commission on protected areas. Oceania. Newsletters.

Available Online

International Union for Conservation of Nature

Dear colleagues, A cold winter in Sydney was pleasantly relieved by a week in Samoa for the important Inception meeting for BIOPAMA II.

Strengthening the environmental dimensions of the sustainable development goals in Asia and the Pacific.

Environmental Governance, Biodiversity Conservation

Available Online

This tool compendium was prepared by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) in collaboration with the United Nations Environment Programme (UN Environment) under the first phase of the ADB technical assistance (TA) project Supporting Implementation of Environment-Related Sustainable Development Goals in Asia and the Pacific

Coastal proximity of populations in 22 Pacific Island Countries and Territories

Available Online

Andrew, Neil L

The coastal zones of Small Island States are hotspots of human habitation and economic endeavour. In the Pacific region, as elsewhere, there are large gaps in understandings of the exposure and vulnerability of people in coastal zones. The 22 Pacific Countries and Territories (PICTs) are poorly represented in global analayses of vunerability to seaward risks. We combine several data sources to estimates populations to zones 1, 5 and 10 km from the coastline in each of the PICTs. Regional patterns in the proximity of Pacific people to the coast are dominated by Papua New Guinea. Overall, ca. half the population of the Pacific resides within 10 km of the coast but this jumps to 97% when Papua New Guinea is excluded. A quarter of Pacific people live within 1 km of the coast, but without PNG this increases to slightly more than half. Excluding PNG, 90% of Pacific Islanders live within 5 km of the coast. All of the population in the coral atoll nations of Tokelau and Tuvalu live within a km of the ocean. Results using two global datasets, the SEDAC-CIESIN Gridded Population of the World v4 (GPWv4) and the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Landscan differed: Landscan under-dispersed population, overestimating numbers in urban centres and underestimating population in rural areas and GPWv4 ove-dispersed the population. In addition to errors introduced by the allocation models of the two methods, errors were introduced as artefacts of allocating households to 1km x 1km grid cell data (30 arc-seconds) to polygons. The limited utility of LandScan and GPWv4 in advancing this analysis may be overcome with more spatially resolved census data and the inclusion of elevation above sea level as an important dimensioni of vulnerability.

Pacific economic monitor. Special 10th anniversary issue.

Available Online

This special issue of the Pacific Economic Monitor celebrates the 52nd ADB Annual Meeting (15 May 2019) in Fijithe first time this yearly gathering is held in the Pacific. The first section on Country Economic Issues contains the latest near-term economic outlook for the Pacific, as well as medium- to long-term policy challenges, as presented in Asian Development Outlook 2019.

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