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Using the mitigation hierarchy for hydropower projects in the Pacific island countries and territories = Utiliser la hiérarchie datténuation dans le cadre de projets hydroélectriques dans les pays et territoires insulaires du Pacifique.

Available Online

Renewable energy is an important part of the energy strategy in the Pacific Island Countries and Territories because of the need to increase energy security while reducing carbon emissions and reducing dependency on expensive imported oiL.

Using the mitigation hierarchy for mining projects in the Pacific island countries & territories = Utiliser la hiérarchie datténuation dans le cadre de projets miniers dans les pays et territoires insulaires du Pacifique.

Available Online

In the Pacific Islands Countries and Territories (PICTs), there are three broad types of terrestrial mining: alluvial, open-pit and underground.

Using the mitigation hierarchy for hydropower projects in the Pacific island countries & territories = Utiliser la hiérarchie datténuation dans le cadre de projets hydroélectriques dans les pays et territoires insulaires du Pacifique

Available Online

Renewable energy is an important part of the energy strategy in the Pacific Island Countries and Territories because of the need to increase energy security while reducing carbon emissions and reducing dependency on expensive imported oil.

Feasibility study for a Pacific based WMO regional training centre.

Love, G

Mamaeva, M

Wilson, J

This first report from the study team uses results from visits to 13 of the 15 NMHSs and the survey completed by 14 of the countries during June 2018 to examine the feasibility of a Pacific based WMO regional training centre.

Support for Pacific stance at Bonn climate round.

Available Online

Ronneberg, E

Support for Pacific stance at Bonn climate round.

Mainstreaming ocean acidification into national policies: a handbook for Pacific islands.

SPREP Publications, Climate Change Resilience

Available Online

McIntosh, R D

Turner, J

Ocean acidification can be considered a stress multiplier for coral reefs, as it combines with other stresses that corals are currently facing, i.e., rising sea surface temperatures, increasing frequency...

The IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas Oceania. Newsletter No. 2 2019.

Available Online

International Union for Conservation of Nature.

World Commission on Protected Areas.

Critical issues for all meetings will be the global effort in the remaining 18 months to achieve the 2020 Aichi Targets of the CBD. Target 11 is of particular importance to WCPA and indeed we would argue it is the fundamental goal to achieve biodiversity and underpins many other goals.

Rat eradication in the Pitcairn Islands, South Pacific: a 25-year perspective

Biodiversity Conservation, BRB

Available Online

Brooke, M.de L.

This essay offers a 25-year overview of eff orts to remove Pacific rats (Rattus exulans) from the four islands of the Pitcairn group. Following the 19911992 discovery that rats were severely reducing breeding success of gadfly petrels (Pterodroma spp.), Wildlife Management International proposed eradication. Eradication success was achieved using ground-based baiting on the small atolls of Ducie and Oeno in 1997, and there is now evidence of petrel recovery on Oeno, but two eradication attempts on inhabited Pitcairn (1997 and 1998) failed. By the early 2000s, the development of aerial baiting through the 1990s placed an eradication operation on the fourth island, Henderson, within reach. Preparatory fieldwork in 2009 allayed doubts in two key areas: the feasibility of maintaining a captive back-stop Henderson rail (Porzana atra) population, and bait uptake by crabs (Coenobita spp.). Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) expertise secured the necessary funding of £1.5 million, and 75 tonnes of brodifacoum-containing bait were dropped in August 2011. Despite extensive mortality of free-living rails, the population, supplemented by released captive birds, returned to pre-operational levels in 23 years. Meanwhile those tending captive rails saw no rat sign before leaving Henderson in November 2011. Unfortunately, a rat was sighted in March 2012, and continuing rat presence confirmed in May 2012. Subsequently rat numbers have returned to pre-operational levels without any sign of population overshoot as observed on Pitcairn. Genetic analysis suggests around 80 rats, roughly 1 in 1,000, survived the bait drop. With no evidence of imperfect bait coverage or deficiencies in bait quality or brodifacoum resistance, it seems some animals chose not to eat bait. Choice tests on Henderson Island rats suggest some rats prefer natural foods over bait. This adverse situation may have been exacerbated because, in August 2011, natural fruits were more abundant than anticipated due to drought earlier in the year. To overcome rat preference for natural food, any second Henderson attempt might benefit from more attractive bait. Without such developments, a second attempt risks another failure. Hendersons biota will survive the delay.

Seasonal variation in movements and survival of invasive Pacific rats on sub-tropical Henderson Island: implications for eradication.

Biodiversity Conservation, BRB

Available Online

Bond, A.L.

Churchyard, T.

Donaldson, A.

Duffield, N.

Havery, S.

Kelly, J.

Lavers, J.L.

McClelland, J.T.W.

Oppel, S.

Proud, T.

Russell, J.C.

Invasive rodents are successful colonists of many ecosystems around the world, and can have very flexible foraging behaviours that lead to differences in spatial ranges and seasonal demography among individuals and islands. Understanding such spatial and temporal information is critical to plan rodent eradication operations, and a detailed examination of an islands rat population can expand our knowledge about possible variation in behaviour and demography of invasive rats in general. Here we investigated the movements and survival of Pacific rats (Rattus exulans) over five months on sub-tropical Henderson Island in the South Pacific Ocean four years after a failed eradication operation. We estimated movement distances, home range sizes and monthly survival using a spatially-explicit Cormack-Jolly-Seber model and examined how movement and survival varied over time. We captured and marked 810 rats and found a median maximum distance between capture locations of 39 ± 25 m (0107 m) in a coastal coconut grove and 61 ± 127 m (01,023 m) on the inland coral plateau. Estimated home range radii of Pacific rats on the coral plateau varied between territorial (median: 134 m; 95% credible interval 106165 m) and roaming rats (median: 778 m; 2901,633 m). The proportion of rats belonging to the roaming movement type varied from 1% in early June to 23% in October. There was no evidence to suggest that rats on Henderson in 2015 had home ranges that would limit their ability to encounter bait, making it unlikely that limited movement contributed to the eradication failure if the pattern we found in 2015 is consistent across years. We found a temporal pattern in monthly survival probability, with monthly survival probabilities of 0.352 (0.0810.737) in late July and 0.950 (0.8460.987) in late August. If seasonal variation in survival probability is indicative of resource limitations and consistent across years, an eradication operation in late July would likely have the greatest probability of success.

Bait colour and moisture do not affect bait acceptance by introduced Pacific rats (Rattus exulans) at Henderson Island, Pitcairn Islands.

Biodiversity Conservation, BRB

Available Online

Bond, A.L.

McClelland, G.T.W.

OKeefe, S.

Warren, P.

Rodent eradications are a useful tool for the restoration of native biodiversity on islands, but occasionally these operations incur non-target mortality. Changes in cereal bait colour could potentially mitigate these impacts but must not compromise the eradication operation. Changing bait colour may reduce mortality of Henderson crakes (Zapornia atra), an endemic globally threatened flightless bird on Henderson Island, Pitcairn Islands, South Pacific Ocean. Crakes had high non-target mortality in a failed 2011 rat eradication operation and consumed fewer blue than green cereal pellets. We examined which cereal bait properties influenced its acceptance by captive Pacific rats (Rattus exulans) on Henderson Island. We held 82 Pacific rats from Henderson Island in captivity and provided them with non-toxic cereal bait pellets of varying properties (blue or green, moist or dry). We estimated the proportion of rats consuming bait using logistic generalised linear mixed models. We found no effect of sex, females reproductive status, bait colour or bait moisture on rats willingness to consume baits. Rats bait consumption was unaffected by cereal bait properties (colour or moisture). The use of blue bait is unlikely to affect future eradication operational success but may reduce non-target mortality of Henderson crakes. Timing cereal bait distribution in relation to precipitation may also reduce crake mortality without compromising palatability to rats.

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