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Vanuatu submits this updated and enhanced nationally determined contribution (NDC), in which our political leaders, technical experts and civil society have considered how our nation can move to a global net-zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions society.

The primary purpose of thThis user guide aims to empower farmers by providing them with valuable insights and practical guidance to effectively interpret and utilise the agromet bulletin ultimately enhancing their agricultural practices and fostering sustainable growth.

The Republic of Vanuatu is an island nation located in the Western Pacific Ocean. Vanuatu is an archipelago of over 80 islands stretching 1,300 kilometers form North to South in the Western Pacific Ocean.

Livelihoods will improve with increased rural electrification and health, education and transport services will benefit from improved energy access.

Of all regions worldwide, the Pacific Islands region, which comprises scattered remote islands and archipelagos, is the most marked by the marine environment.

The purpose of this document is to update the NERM to reflect recent developments. This updated NERM has the same vision as the 2013 version of the

Vanuatu is a Y-shaped archipelago located in the Southwest Pacific Ocean at 13-20o S, 166o – 172o E. There is a distance of roughly 1,300 km from northernmost island to the southernmost. The country’s coastline extends for 2,528 km long and comprises over 80 islands with a total land area of 12,336 km2 , set within a 200- mile exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of approximately 680,000Km2 . Vanuatu’s islands are geologically young and were formed during the four main volcanic activity periods. The oldest islands are the Torres Group; this group of islands is part of the most northern province of TORBA. Santo the largest island in the SANMA province and Malekula, the larger island in the MALAMPA province, were formed over 22 million years ago. Pentecost and Maewo, islands are the PENAMA province are the second oldest, and were formed between 4 to 11 million years ago.

The Climate Resilient Road Standards (CRRS) Project was funded directly by a grant from the Australian Government (under the PACCSAP Program) to the Government of Vanuatu. This document is a summary for policy makers and provides a snapshot of the main achievements of the project. It aims to raise awareness of the project both within Vanuatu and in the region and provide momentum for future engagement of other communities facing similar issues.