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The dynamic response of reef islands to sea level rise: evidence from multi-decadal analysis of island change in the central Pacific

Biodiversity Conservation

Available Online

Kench, Paul S.

Webb, Arthur P.

Low-lying atoll islands are widely perceived to erode in response to measured and future sea level rise. Using historical aerial photography and satellite images this study presents the first quantitative analysis of physical changes in 27 atoll islands in the central Pacific over a 19 to 61 year period. This period of analysis corresponds with instrumental records that show a rate of sea level rise of 2.0 mm.y-1 in the Pacific. Results show that 86% of islands remained stable (43%) or increased in area (43%) over the timeframe of analysis. Largest decadal rates of increase in island area range between 0.1 to 5.6 hectares. Only 14% of study islands exhibited a net reduction in island area. Despite small net changes in area, islands exhibited larger gross changes. This was expressed as changes in the plan form configuration and position of islands on reef platforms. Modes of island change included: ocean shoreline displacement toward the lagoon; lagoon shoreline progradation; and, extension of the ends of elongate islands. Collectively these adjustments represent net lagoon ward migration of islands in 65% of cases. Results contradict existing paradigms of island response and have significant implications for the consideration of island stability under ongoing sea level rise in the central Pacific. First, islands are geomorphologically persistent features on atoll reef platforms and can increase in island area despite sea level change. Second; islands are dynamic landforms that undergo a range of physical adjustments in responses to changing boundary conditions, of which sea level is just one factor. Third, erosion of island shorelines must be reconsidered in the context of physical adjustments of the entire island shoreline as erosion may be balanced by progradation on other sectors of shorelines. Results indicate that the style and magnitude of geomorphic change will vary between islands. Therefore, Island nations must place a high priority on resolving the precise styles and rates of change that will occur over the next century and reconsider the implications for adaption.

Funding sources for NGO's (waste/environment)

Biodiversity Conservation

Available Online

Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme

The APFED Showcase Programme aims to support projects that promote innovative policies, measures, and actions for sustainable development in the Asia?Pacific region. Every year APFED invites proposal submissions and 12 projects are selected as APFED Showcase projects. These innovative activities supported under the Showcase Programme will be shared among various stakeholders in the region through the APFED Good Practice Database.

waste management

Arguments for protected areas : multiple benefits for conservation and use

Nigel, Dudley

Stolton, Sue

La gestion du tourisme dans les AMP, no.6 : Rapports d'analyse thematique = 2nd part thematic analysis report - Managing tourism, no.6 : Thematic anlaysis report

Biodiversity Conservation

Available Online

Clement, Thierry ...[et al.]

Tourism is recognized as one of the activities the most promising for protected areas . he can play both a positive role ( contribution funding to AMP , awareness tourists, maintaining landscapes ) and a negative role (Source of degradation and pollution, significant need for natural resources - water, food, space - cultural impact).

Recherche scientifique et suivi des effects des AMP, no.7 : Rapports d'analyse thematique = Scientific research and monitoring, no.7 : Thematic analysis report

Biodiversity Conservation

Available Online

Clement, Thierry ... [et al.]

We distinguish in this chapter activities ad hoc research (surveys , studies environments or resources) , activities of "Monitoring" or followed , which involve monitoring in regular time biological parameters or social.The objectives are different according to the projects (see box),but the basic studies (Biodiversity inventories ,studies socioeconomic) and the development of monitoring MPAs are recurring targets

Evaluation economique et calcul du taux de rentabilite interne des projets d'AMP, no.8 : Rapports d'analyse thematique = Economic value and rate of return, no.8 : Thematic analysis report

Biodiversity Conservation

Available Online

Clement, Thierry [et al.]

The economic evaluation is to better put identify and to estimate quantitatively the goods and services provided by ecosystems , just give absolute economic value and AMP accurate . It contributes so flagrant greater awareness policymakers on the need to manage sustainable natural environments

La gestion de la peche dans le AMP, no.5: Rapports D'analyse thematique = Managing fisheries, no.5 : Thematic analysis report

Available Online

Clement, Thierry ...[et al.]

If MPAs have a vital role to protect the biodiversity, they are considered today also as development tools , especially for activities such as fishing and tourism, they strive to manage for sustainable use.

Les activities alternatives generatrices de revenus (AAGR), no.4 : Rapports d' anlayse thematique = Alternative livelihoods, no.4 : Thematic analysis report

Biodiversity Conservation

Available Online

Clement, Thierry ... [et al.]

The prohibition of certain activities to certain areas or certain methods of operation resulting environmental degradation and / or pressure on resources may lead to a revenue loss for people. This loss may materialize in the short term only to eventually subside long term1 . To compensate for these losses and divert populations unsustainable exploitation activities resources , projects often propose to develop alternative development, or alternative activities income generation ( AAGR ) .

Creation, Gestion et Gouvernance des AMP, no.2 : Rapports d'analyse thematique, = MPA creation, management and governance, no.2 : Thematic analysis report part 2.

Biodiversity Conservation

Available Online

Clement, Thierry ... [et al.]

International recommendations on setting establishment of marine protected areas networks representative of the diversity of the marine world , have led in recent years major NGOs (WWF ,TNC , CI ) to develop process identify coherent networks of MPAs within homogeneous ecoregion , based on various criteria ( financial interest , biological, functional , resilience, etc.)

governance

le Financement perenne des AMP, no.3 : Rapports D'analsye Thematic = Financing MPAs in the long term, no.3 : Thematic analysis report

Biodiversity Conservation

Available Online

Clement, Thierry ... [et al.]

The sustainable financing of MPAs remains a major problem. Indeed once the projects have withdrawn, although many MPAs in place then crashed not becoming as AMP "paper" (example of Moheli in the Comoros). Gold funds from international or bilateral donors, like those of major NGO to finance the start of AMP and the investments they require (eg ships, buildings, demarcation buoys) fall within a period of intervention limited. These financings stop with the end of the projects, which often means a complete cessation of funding available, without that MPAs have robust solution to ensure a minimum operating costs. This does not mean there is no sustainable financing solution, but rather that projects often withdraw before they could firmly establish and professionalize sustainable funding mechanisms.

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