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Marine protected areas and locally managed marine areas establishment in Milne Bay Province: community-based coastal and marine conservation in Milne Bay Province

Available Online

Wangunu, Noel

Establishing marine protected areas may sound simple where a site is set up as a reserve for food security and other reasons. It is a long-term ongoing continuous process, which requires corporation from the local resource owners and the assisting organizations. In Papua New Guinea this concept is difficult because of the land tenure system, which gives ownership over the resources by clans or family groups. To develop such things needs very good explanations and clarification from the start during involvement with communities. Awareness on the need for sustainable management is very important for which MPAs and LMMAs are an essential tool to derive sustainable resource management. Thought they may be several reasons why an LMMA may be set up by different groups of communities in different villages. For whatever reasons these communities have, it is important that we assist them in doing so. Biological studies are an important part in site determination. The area may not be necessarily being biologically diverse area, but it may be a sink area during larval dispersal, which would be a source or reservoir for fish and other marine stock replenishment. In such cases it is important that we assist communities in setting up these sites for the purpose of food security. There may be other options that which are larger and complex. Preservation and maintenance of large biodiversity areas is also significant however, this will be observed and maintained by the communities if it is understood and does not clash with their daily sustainable activities such as fishing and collection of trochus, beech-de-mer for cash income. Provided below are some of the thoughts or points to consider when we think of setting up MPAs and LMMAs with the local communities in Milne Bay Province.

Shadow report on the millennium development goals: revised draft, Samoa

Available Online

Stanely, Joe

Preparation of the Samoa Shadow Report On The Millennium Development Goals was outsourced to the O Le Siosiomaga Society Incorporated (OLSSI) by the Samoa Umbrella Non Governmental Organisation (SUNGO) in a collaboration project with the Office of the UN Resident Coordinator and the Government of Samoa. The Shadow Report itself culminates weeks of advocacy work by Non Governmental Organisations that are members of SUNGO in association with relevant government ministries. These activities included information spots on local television, panel discussions over the radio, and two national workshops that included participants from communities throughout the country

samoa

Intergrating economic and environmental policies: the case of Pacific island countries

Biodiversity Conservation

Available Online

United Nations

This study explores ways in which environmental considerations can be integrated into economic decisions in order to facilitate planning for sustainable development (SD), with particular emphasis on Pacific Island Countries (PICs).1 Ever since the Earth Summit was held in June 1992 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, sustainable development has been embraced worldwide as a desirable development goal. At the Earth Summit, world leaders adopted Agenda 21, an agreement consisting of various action programmers covering nearly every aspect of all human activities that impact on the natural environment. Chapter 8 of Agenda 21 deals with integrating environment and development in decision making. Section 8.5, Improving planning and management system, states.

Traditional Asian Medicine Identification guide for Law Enforces: Version II.

Environmental Governance, Biodiversity Conservation

Available Online

Cameron, Grant

The production of an identification guide for traditional Asian medicines in trade was thought necessary to assist enforcers to determine which medicines and ingredients are legal or illegal, in the context of the cases they are dealing with. The majority of law enforcers have 110 knowledge of Chinese characters and the many forms that these medicines take. This guide is primarily for law enforcers based outside Asia, in countries where large volumes of traditional Asian medicines are imported. The regions where this version of the guide may be of most use include Europe. North America and Australasia.

Report on implementation of programme of work for the Global Taxonomy initiative : annex to decision VI/8 : Republic of Palau

Biodiversity Conservation

Available Online

Belau National Museum

The Belau National Museum published a limited country-based needs assessment in 2004 with regard to terrestrial arthropods. Priorities identified included basic taxonomic research and surveys to complete the cataloguing of arthropod diversity with focus on protected areas, caves, aquatic habitats and other fragile ecosystems.

Regional assessment of the Commercial viability for Marine Ornamental aquaculture within the Pacific Islands (Giant clam, hard & soft coral, Finfish, Live rocks & Marine shrimp)

Biodiversity Conservation

Available Online

Ledua, E.

Lindsay, S.R.

Stanley, J.

The completion of this report would not have been possible without the assistance of a large number of organizations and individuals. We would like to convey our sincere thanks and gratitude to all those who provided information, guidance and advice. Special thanks are extended to the following individuals whose assistance was instrumental in providing information for this report. Mr. Francis Itimai for the Federated States of Micronesia. Mr. Theo Isamu, Mr. Obichang Orak, Mr. Roman Yano, Mr. Larry Goddard, Mr. Francis Matsutaro, Mr. Yimnang Golbuu, Ms. Elisabeth Mathews and Mr. and Mrs. Yano in Palau. Mr. Danny Wase, Ms. Florence Edwards, Mr. Terry Keju, Dr. Manoj Nair and Mr. Rod Bourke in the Marshall Islands. Dr. Dan Sua, Ms. Malwine Lober, Mr. Lui Bell and Mr. Masanami Izumi in Samoa. Ms. Michelle Lam, Mr. Walt and Mrs. Debra Smith, Mr. Tim McLeod, Mr. Hugh Govan in Fiji. Mr. Poasi Fale, Mr. Dickson, Joe Viock and Ms. Mandi Johnson in Tonga. Mr. Moses Amos, Mr. William Naviti, Mr. Larry Sharron and Mr. Quentin Segrest in Vanuatu. In addition, we would like to extend our thanks to a number of individuals; Mr. David Hesaie, Mr. Ian Bertram, Mr. Georges Remoissenet, Dr. Mike Rimmer, Mr. Flinn Curren, Mr. John Gourley, Ms Cathy Hair, Ms. Marine-Ange Hnaujie Mr. Paul Holthus, Mr. Nelson Kile, Mr. Idris Lane, Mr. Ben Ponia and for their help, information and guidance.

Coral reefs and Global climate change : potential contributions of Climate Change to stresses on Coral Reef ecosystems

Climate Change Resilience, Biodiversity Conservation

Available Online

Aronson, Richard B.

Buddemeier, Robert W

Kleypas, Joan A.

Coral reefs represent some of the most biologically diverse ecosystems on Earth, providing critical habitat to approximately 25 percent of marine species. In addition, these ecosystems provide economic benefits through tourism and fisheries. One recent estimate valued the annual net economic benefits of the worlds coral reefs at $30 billion. However, human activities including development in coastal areas, over-fishing, and pollution have contributed to a global loss of over 10 percent of these valuable ecosystems. An additional 15 percent have been lost due to warming of the surface ocean, and climate change will further contribute to coral reef degradation in the decades ahead.

Extreme weather: does nature keep up?: observed responses of species and ecosystems to changes in climate and extreme weather events: many more reasons for concern

Climate Change Resilience

Available Online

Leemans, Rik

van Vilet Arnold

Plants, birds, insects, mammals, amphibians and fishes are rapidly responding to the observed changes in climate everywhere on the planet. Extreme high temperatures immediately result in hefty responses. The responses, however, significantly differ from species to species and from year to year, which complicates a clear attribution of causes. The ecological impacts are nowadays visible everywhere through changes in the timing of life cycle events and the geographic distributions of species. Plants have advanced flowering by up to 30 days and are now doing so at dates never documented in the last two centuries. Some species show a dramatic increase in range area, disrupting ecosystems like, for example, the rapid spread over millions of hectares of the Mountain Pine Beetle in North America and the northward expansion of the Oak Processionary caterpillar in The Netherlands. Also fires have increased catastrophically in tropical wet forests during the severe droughts of the El Niño years in the nineties. Other species show a dramatic decrease in distribution or population sizes, illustrated by bleaching corals and disappearing amphibians worldwide. Warm winters, hot summers, excessive precipitation and extended droughts are weather events that trigger these responses

climate change

Vehicle recycling on South Tarawa : an initial feasibility study

Waste Management and Pollution Control

Available Online

Leney, Alice

Vehicle traffic in Tarawa is increasing rapidly with the importation of more and more vehicles. Vehicle waste is of course also increasing, and as the upsurge in vehicles imported in the last few years feeds through, and those vehicles are no longer in service, the waste issue is set to increase dramatically. On an atoll any waste is a problem, and large wastes such as vehicles are particular problems. They also contain liquid and toxic wastes that need dealing with in a systematic manner, that are currently a major source of ground water pollution.

Estimates of food crop production in Papua New Guinea

Available Online

Bourke, R.M. & Vlassak, V.

Estimates of the quantity of food produced in Papua New Guinea (PNG) are important for planning and research. Information contained in the Mapping Agricultural Systems of PNG database of the proportion of land devoted to various food crops allows new estimates to be made. To calculate annual production for each staple crop, estimates of the proportion of garden area devoted to each crop for each agricultural system were combined with census data on the rural population in 2000 (4.3 million rural villagers), mean garden area planted per person per year and mean crop yield for that environment. These data allow estimates to be made for banana, cassava, coconut, potato, Queensland arrowroot, rice, sago, sweet potato, and various taro and yam species. Total annual staple crop production is estimated as 4.5 million tonnes (1050 kg/person/year), with an energy value of 4.3 × 1012 kilocalories (2770 kcal/person/day). It would require an additional 1.2 million tonnes per year of imported rice to replace the energy value of these staple foods, with a retail value of K2850 million.

papua new guinea

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