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Border control for potential aquatic weeds, stage 1 : weed risk model / P.D. Champion and J.S. Clayton

Available Online

Champion, P.D.

Clayton, J.S.

This report is the first stage in a three-stage development of a Border Control Programme for aquatic plants that have the potential to become ecological weeds in New Zealand. A large number of freshwater aquatic plants have already been introduced and are naturalised in New Zealand, impacting on most waterbodies within this country. There are many additional potential weed species reported as present in New Zealand, but not naturalised, and an even greater number not recorded as introduced here. Some of these species could pose an even greater threat to our aquatic environment than those weeds currently naturalised. A range of tables is presented to illustrate the array of new aquatic species that are already believed to be in New Zealand or that could enter and become established. Possible entry pathways identified in this report include natural spread from wind- and bird-dispersed seed, introduction of ornamental, culinary and medicinal herbs, contaminants in other plants and produce, mislabelled plants, and various types of illegal imports. Existing weed risk assessment models fail to adequately separate aquatic plants with different levels of impact. A new model is presented, tailored to the impacts of aquatic species. Tables are presented to demonstrate the improved system of ranking risks for aquatic plant species. A combination of assessments for weediness and the risk of entry into New Zealand will determine the potential threat of each species, allowing a comparison with existing weed species and other species not yet naturalised or introduced here. The greatest risk is perceived to be posed by some species reported to be present, but not yet naturalised in New Zealand, followed by species not reported here, but traded overseas with the potential to be brought here illegally.

A guide to designing legal institutional frameworks on alien invasive species

Biodiversity Conservation, BRB

Available Online

Clare, Shine.

Gundling, Lothar

Williams, Nattley

The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

Conservation of kakerori (Pomarea dimidiata) : report on a visit to Rarotonga, August/September 1999 / Hugh A.

Available Online

Robertson, Hugh Alexander

Since 1987, I have assisted the Cook Islands Conservation/Environment Service and, more recently, the Takitumu Conservation Area Project and the Avifauna Conservation Programme of the South Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP) to plan and implement a recovery programme for the kakerori, a critically endangered forest bird endemic to Rarotonga. In 1989, the kakerori was one of the 10 rarest birds in the world, and classified as 'critically endangered' (Collar et al. 1994) with a population of just 29 birds. I calculated that there was a 50% chance of kakerori becoming extinct by 1998 unless nest predation by rats was significantly reduced. During each breeding season since 1989, rats have been poisoned in the 155 ha of forest occupied by kakerori (Robertson et al. 1998) and the effectiveness of this work has been measured by- recording breeding productivity (Saul et al. 1998), and by undertaking an annual census the following spring (Robertson 1998, 1999).

Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae of Santa Cruz Island, California

Available Online

Longino, John T.

Miller, Scott E.

Trager, James C.

Ward, Philip S.

Wetterer, Andrea L.

Wetterer, James K.

We conducted ant surveys on Santa Cruz Island, the largest of the California Channel Islands, in 1975/6, 1984, 1993 and 1998. Our surveys yielded a combined total of 34 different ant species: Brachymyrmex cf. depilis, Camponotus anthrax, C. clarithorax, C. hyatti, C. semitestaceus, C. vicinus, C. sp. near vicinus, C. yogi, Cardiocondyla ectopia, Crematogaster californica, C. hespera, C. marioni, C. mormonum, Dorymyrmex bicolor, D. insanus (s.l.), Formica lasioides, F. moki, Hypoponera opacior, Leptothorax andrei, L. nevadensis, Linepithema humile, Messor chamberlini, Monomorium ergatogyna, Pheidole californica, P. hyatti, Pogonomyrmex subdentatus, Polyergus sp., Prenolepis imparis, Pseudomyrmex apache, Solenopsis molesta (s.l.), Stenamma diecki, Sn. snellingi, S. cf. diecki, and Tapinoma sessile. The ant species form a substantial subset of the mainland California ant fauna. We found only two ant species that are not native to North America, C. ectopia and L. humile. Linepithema humile, the Argentine ant, is a destructive tramp ant that poses a serious threat to native ants.

Feasibility survey on the removal of rats: Nu'utele and Nu'ulua islands, Samoa, 21 July to 1 August, 2000 / Brian D. Bell

Bell, Brian D.

Land vertebrates as invasive species on the islands of the South Pacific Regional Environment Programme.

Atkinson, I A E

Atkinson, T J

This review of the invasive land vertebrates present on islands of the South Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP) region is part of a larger review of the invasive plants and animals that have affected these islands adversely.

Review of the status of avifanua conservation - Kiritimati atoll.

Environment Consultants Fiji

Kiritimati Atoll's avifauna has regional and international significance. The Atoll provides nesting roosting, feeding and migration sites for over 40 bird species.

Atolls as settlement landscapes: Ujae, Marshall Islands

Biodiversity Conservation, BRB

Available Online

Weisler Marshall I

Williamson and Sabath (1982) have demonstrated a significant relationship between modern population size and environment by examining atoll area and rainfall in the Marshall Islands. The present work seeks to extend that argument into prehistory by examining the relationship of ancient habitation sites and size of aroid pit agricultural systems to atoll land area and rainfall regime along the 1,500-3,500 mm precipitation gradient in the Marshall Islands. Four atolls were selected for study: Ebon at the wettest extent in the extreme south; Ujae and Maloelap near the center of the archipelago; and Utrok at the dry north. The first phase of this long-term archaeological program is reported. During the survey of Ujae Atoll (90 05' N, 165° 40' E), three habitation sites, an aroid pit agricultural zone, one early historic burial, and seven fish traps, weirs, and enclosures were recorded. Along with excavations at two habitation sites (8 m2 total area), 35 traditional artifacts were recovered (shell adzes, ornaments, and manufacturing tools). Seven radiocarbon age determinations document land use beginning as early as the third century A.D. A beachrock sample dated to 2450 ± 70 BP relates to atoll development. Some 4,748 bones of fish, birds, turtles, Pacific rats, lizards, humans, and possible cetaceans, along with nearly 13 kg of shellfish, provide the basis for understanding prehistoric subsistence, human adaptations to the atoll setting, and land use patterns.

The non-native vascular plants of Henderson Island, South Central Ocean

Biodiversity Conservation, BRB

Available Online

Waldren Steve at al.

Henderson island, a World Heritage Site in the Pitcairn group, south-central Pacific Ocean, has often been thought to have a pristine vegetation. Our archaeological investigations and field observations in 1991-1992, supported by recent observations in 1997, suggest the occurrence of former areas of Polynesian cultivation near to the North and East Beaches, and indicate that about 17 non-native vascular plant taxa have occurred. The majority of these were deliberate Polynesian introductions, some taxa are known only as sub-fossils from Polynesian occupation sites; some of this sub-fossil material may represent imported plant parts such as timber or food wraps, rather than indicating in situ cultivation. These Polynesian introductions show little spread from their probable site of introduction and are mostly restricted to the vicinity of the northern beaches; some have become extinct on Henderson. The Pitcairn islanders have also introduced a small number of vascular plants, and one of these (Passiflora maliformis) is potentially invasive. Other taxa have been accidentally introduced, at least one by a recent scientific expedition in 1991. The intact nature of much of the native vegetation may have restricted the opportunities for more widespread colonization; care is needed to ensure that this situation persists.

Observations on invasive plant species in Micronesia

Available Online

Falanruw Marjorie

Spaces, James C

As requested by the Pacific Islands Committee, Council of Western State Foresters, we conducted a survey of selected Micronesian islands for invasive plant species. The objectives were three-fold: (1) To identify species on the islands that are presently causing problems: (2) to identify species that, even though they are not presently a major problem, could spread to other islands where they are not present, potentially causing problems: and (3) to look for invasive species known to cause problems in ecosystems similar to the islands visited. This report is based 011 perceptions gained from a three- week trip from July 19 to August 6, 1998, to the islands of Saipan and Tinian (Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas Islands): Peleliu, Babelthaup and Koror (Republic of Palau); Pohnpei and Yap (Federated States of Micronesia) and Guam.

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