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The global impacts of desertification and land degradation prompted the United Nations Organization to adopt the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) in 1994. Tonga acceded to the UNCCD on September 25, 1998 and ratified the Convention in December 24, 1998. Under the UNCCD all parties to the Convention are expected to meet their national and international commitment to implement key activities. This report is the result of the National Capacity self-Assessment to identify and characterize critical capacity constraints relevant to effective environmental management in Tonga, and to develop a plan of action to address these constraints, in a co-ordinated manner to fulfil its obligation under the United Nation Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD).

The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) is a ‘Rio Convention’ resulting from the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1992. Fiji signed the Convention at that time, indicating its commitment to the Convention’s objectives. Fiji ratified the CBD on 25 February 1993.